Biochemistry of the Platelet Release Reaction

Holmsen, Holm

doi:10.1002/9780470720172.ch9

Cited by 34 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…β-TG is a protein stored in PLTs and released when they are activated by various agents, including thrombin [38,39]. β-TG has been demonstrated to be a helpful marker of PLT activation [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Blood Clot Detection Using Forward Scattering Light Measurements Is Not Superior to Delta Pressure Measurements

Fischbach,

Lamberti,

Simons

et al. 2023

Biosensors

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The occurrence of thrombus formation within an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator is a common complication during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy and can rapidly result in a life-threatening situation due to arterial thromboembolism, causing stroke, pulmonary embolism, and limb ischemia in the patient. The standard clinical practice is to monitor the pressure at the inlet and outlet of oxygenators, indicating fulminant, obstructive clot formation indicated by an increasing pressure difference (ΔP). However, smaller blood clots at early stages are not detectable. Therefore, there is an unmet need for sensors that can detect blood clots at an early stage to minimize the associated thromboembolic risks for patients. This study aimed to evaluate if forward scattered light (FSL) measurements can be used for early blood clot detection and if it is superior to the current clinical gold standard (pressure measurements). A miniaturized in vitro test circuit, including a custom-made test chamber, was used. Heparinized human whole blood was circulated through the test circuit until clot formation occurred. Four LEDs and four photodiodes were placed along the sidewall of the test chamber in different positions for FSL measurements. The pressure monitor was connected to the inlet and the outlet to detect changes in ΔP across the test chamber. Despite several modifications in the LED positions on the test chamber, the FSL measurements could not reliably detect a blood clot within the in vitro test circuit, although the pressure measurements used as the current clinical gold standard detected fulminant clot formation in 11 independent experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Blood Clot Detection Using Forward Scattering Light Measurements Is Not Superior to Delta Pressure Measurements

Fischbach,

Lamberti,

Simons

et al. 2023

Biosensors

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“…Activation processes (aggregation and secretion) of platelets utilize energy provided by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (Holmsen 1975; Merlo-Pich et al 2004; Salganicoff and Fukami 1972). Therefore, an energetic defect within platelets associated with aging and ER deficiency may explain increased thrombogenicity of blood in the elderly female.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of estrogen receptor β decreases mitochondrial energetic potential and increases thrombogenicity of platelets in aged female mice

Jayachandran

Preston

Hunter

et al. 2009

AGE

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Platelets derived from aged (reproductively senescent) female mice with genetic deletion of estrogen receptor beta (βER) are more thrombogenic than those from age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Intracellular processes contributing to this increased thrombogenicity are not known. Experiments were designed to identify subcellular localization of estrogen receptors and evaluate both glycolytic and mitochondrial energetic processes which might affect platelet activation. Platelets and blood from aged (22–24 months) WT and estrogen receptor β knockout (βERKO) female mice were used in this study. Body, spleen weight, and serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and 17β-estradiol were comparable between WT and βERKO mice. Number of spontaneous deaths was greater in the βERKO colony (50% compared to 30% in WT) over the course of 24 months. In resting (nonactivated) platelets, estrogen receptors did not appear to colocalize with mitochondria by immunostaining. Lactate production and mitochondrial membrane potential of intact platelets were similar in both groups of mice. However, activities of NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c oxidase of the electron transport chain were reduced in mitochondria isolated from platelets from βERKO compared to WT mice. There were a significantly higher number of phosphatidylserine-expressing platelet-derived microvesicles in the plasma and a greater thrombin-generating capacity in βERKO compared to WT mice. These results suggest that deficiencies in βER affect energy metabolism of platelets resulting in greater production of circulating thrombogenic microvesicles and could potentially explain increased predisposition to thromboembolism in some elderly females.

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“…Η β-θρομβοσφαιρίνη (ß-Thromboglobulin, ß-TG) είναι μία άκρως ειδική πρωτεΐνη, μικρού μοριακού βάρους, της οποίας η πυκνότητα στα αιμοπετάλια είναι κατά 30x10* φορές μεγαλύτερη από ό,τι σε άλλους ιστούς (Ludlam 1979). Εκλύεται από τα α-κοκκία των θρομβοκυττάρων κατά τη φάση της απελευθερώ σεως (release phase) και ανιχνεύεται στο πλάσμα (Holmsen 1975), όπου ο βιολο γικός χρόνος ημίσειας ζωής της στους 37°C είναι περίπου 100 min (Dawes και συν. 1978).…”

Section: ανατομική φυσιολογία και αιμορρεολογική συμπεριφορά των αιμοπεταλίωνunclassified

Αιμορρεολογικές Και Βιοχημικές Παράμετροι Στη Διαβητική Αγγειοπάθεια

Διαμαντόπουλος¹

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Biochemistry of the Platelet Release Reaction

Cited by 34 publications

References 50 publications

Early Blood Clot Detection Using Forward Scattering Light Measurements Is Not Superior to Delta Pressure Measurements

Early Blood Clot Detection Using Forward Scattering Light Measurements Is Not Superior to Delta Pressure Measurements

Loss of estrogen receptor β decreases mitochondrial energetic potential and increases thrombogenicity of platelets in aged female mice

Αιμορρεολογικές Και Βιοχημικές Παράμετροι Στη Διαβητική Αγγειοπάθεια

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