Biochemometry identifies suppressors of pro-inflammatory gene expression in Pterocarpus santalinus heartwood

Discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 secondary metabolites from the heartwood of Pterocarpus santalinus using multi-informative molecular networking

“…The pigment-depleted extract PS-DE was determined as active in both assays showing an IC 50 value of 29.9 μg/mL in the spike immunostaining assay. PS-DE was separated by high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC+) and pooled into eleven fractions (F1—F11) according to TLC fingerprints ( Supplementary Figure S1 ) ( Zwirchmayr et al, 2023 ). All fractions were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity ( Table 1 ).…”

“…The ionization rate of most of the constituents aligns well with the detected abundance in the UPLC-ELSD chromatograms ( Supplementary Figures S4–S7 ). Structural network annotation was performed by comparison with i) previously isolated compounds from P. santalinus heartwood (orange node border) ( Zwirchmayr et al, 2023 ), ii) GNPS spectra library (hexagon-shaped node) and iii) literature search (red node border).…”

“…MF-C mostly contains isoflavones such as compounds 11 — 15 ( Figure 4 ) which have been previously isolated from P. santalinus heartwood ( Zwirchmayr et al, 2023 ). Compounds 11 [7- O -methylgenistein, m/z 285.0761 [M + H] + ] and 12 [7,3′-di- O -methylorobol, m/z 315.0666 [M + H] + ] were found in F7 and were the major constituents of this fraction according to UPLC-ELSD analysis.…”

“…Flash chromatography (FC) was performed on PuriFlash 4250 from Interchim equipped with a PDA detector and ELSD and was controlled by the Interchim software. High-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) was performed using a HPCCC+ device ( Zwirchmayr et al, 2023 ). Therefore, the PuriFlash instrument was hyphenated to a Spectrum HPCCC instrument from Dynamic Extraction Ltd., whereby the HPCCC device replaces a solid stationary column.…”

“…In recent years, several in vitro studies have reported anti-inflammatory properties for extracts and constituents of P. santalinus heartwood using different cell model systems ( Cho et al, 2001 ; Wu et al, 2011a ; Wu et al, 2011b ; Ham et al, 2019 ; Natalia et al, 2021 ; Zwirchmayr et al, 2023 ). Moreover, a heartwood extract also showed promising anti-influenza activity (IC 50 of 12 μg/mL against influenza virus A in MDCK cells (CC 50 of 54 μg/mL)) ( Grienke et al, 2018 ).…”