Biocidal Properties of Anti-Icing Additives for Aircraft Fuels

Neihof, Rex A.; Bailey, Carmela A.

doi:10.1128/aem.35.4.698-703.1978

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The commercial silver nanoparticles are not capped and are redispersed in triethyleneglycol monoethyl ether, which is a compound that has been studied for its biocidal properties on Cladosporium resinae, Gliomastix spp., Candida spp., and P. aeruginosa in the aircraft fuels industry. This research work proposed that their mechanism of biocidal action could be related to the damage induced on microorganisms' cytoplasmic membrane and to osmotic effects [47]. Plus, uncapped silver nanoparticles have been reported as antimicrobial agents, but with a high toxicity level [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Photochemically Synthesized Heparin-Coated Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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Heparin-based silver nanoparticles (AgHep-NPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuHep-NPs) were produced by a photochemical method using silver nitrate and chloroauric acid as metal precursors and UV light at 254 nm. UV–Vis spectroscopy graphs showed absorption for AgHep-NPs and AuHep-NPs at 420 nm and 530 nm, respectively. TEM revealed a pseudospherical morphology and a small size, corresponding to 10–25 nm for AgHep-NPs and 1.5–7.5 nm for AuHep-NPs. Their antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Issatchenkia orientalis (Candida krusei), and Candida parapsilosis was assessed by the microdilution method. We show that AgHep-NPs were effective in decreasing fungus density, whereas AuHep-NPs were not. Additionally, the viability of human gingival fibroblasts was preserved by both nanoparticle types at a level above 80%, indicating a slight cytotoxicity. These results are potentially useful for applications of the described NPs mainly in dentistry and, to a lesser extent, in other biomedical areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Photochemically Synthesized Heparin-Coated Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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“…Biocidal activity of Ethoxyethanol against the following strains/types of fungi and bacteria has been noted within the following concentration ranges: 2% to 5% (Candida species, fungus), 5% to 10% (Cladosporium resinae, fungus), 10% to 17% (Gliomastix species, fungus), and 5% to 10% (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and sulfate-reducing bacteria). For each concentration range, viability was detectable at the lower, but not the higher, concentration (Neihof and Bailey 1978).…”

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Ethoxyethanol and Ethoxyethanol Acetate

Johnson¹

2002

Int J Toxicol

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Ethoxyethanol is an ether alcohol described as a solvent and viscosity-decreasing agent for use in cosmetics. Ethoxyethanol Acetate is the ester of Ethoxyethanol and acetic acid described as a solvent for use in cosmetics. Although these ingredients have been used in the past, neither ingredient is in current use. Ethoxyethanol is produced by reacting ethylene oxide with ethyl alcohol. Ethoxyethanol Acetate is produced via an esterification of Ethoxyethanol and acetic acid, acetic acid anhydride, or acetic chloride. Ethoxyethanol is metabolized to ethoxyacetaldehyde, which is further metabolized to ethoxyacetic acid, which is also a metabolite of Ethoxyethanol Acetate. Low to moderate acute inhalation toxicity is seen in animals studies. Acute oral toxicity studies in several species reported kidney damage, including extreme tubular degeneration. Kidney damage was also seen in acute dermal toxicity studies in rats and rabbits. Minor liver and kidney damage was also seen in short-term studies of rats injected subcutaneously with Ethoxyethanol, but was absent in dogs dosed intravenously. Mixed toxicity results were also seen in subchronic tests in mice and rats. Ethoxyethanol and Ethoxyethanol Acetate were mild to moderate eye irritants in rabbits; mild skin irritants in rabbits, and nonsensitizing in guinea pigs. Most genotoxicity tests were negative, but chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges were among the positive results seen. Numerous reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, across several species, involving various routes of administration, indicate that Ethoxyethanol and Ethoxyethanol Acetate are reproductive toxicants and teratogens. Mild anemia was reported in individuals exposed occupationally to Ethoxyethanol, which resolved when the chemical was not used. Reproductive effects have been noted in males exposed occupationally to Ethoxyethanol. Although there are insufficient data to determine the potential carcinogenic effects of Ethoxyethanol or Ethoxyethanol Acetate, there is evidence that these chemicals are absorbed across human skin and that they are reproductive and developmental toxicants via dermal exposure. Therefore, these ingredients are unsafe for use in cosmetic formulations.

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“…The effect of addition of biocides to jet fuel has been widely studied (Klernme and Leonard, 1960; Hitzman, Shotton and Alquist, 1963; Hendey, 1964; Hedrick and carrorl, 1966; Elphick and Hunter, 196g; Rogers and Kaplan, 196g;Rabotnova et ar., 19703 park, L973; Milrer, Mohan and strickland, 1975; Klemme and Neihof, 1976; Neihof and Bailey' 1978). Fev studies have been nade on diesel fuel (stormont, 1962'Hostetler andpowers, 1963; smith and crook, lggo; smith and crook, 1983).…”

Section: '12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification, Documentation and Control of Biological Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuel

Hettige¹

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<p>The present study was initiated under a contract with the New Zealand Defence Scientific Establishment to document the nature, extent and possible sources of microbial contamination of middle distillate fuel ('Dieso' ) held in storage tanks at Devonport, Auckland, and to study possible methods for control of such contamination. Thirty-one fungal species and five bacteria were isolated during the period 1982-1984. The principal contaminants were the fungi Cladosporium resinae (the anamorph of Amorphotheca resinae Parbery), Penicillium corylophilum and Paecilomyces variotii. All three fungi produced dark mycelial mats at the water/diesel fuel interface in laboratory studies. Interactions between these fungi were observed. In the presence of Bushnell.-Haas mineral salts/diesel fuel phases Cladosporium resinae predominated while in seawater/diesel fuel phases Penicillium corylophilum predominated. All New Zealand and Australian isolates of C. resinae grew profusely in Bushnell-Haas mineral salts/diesel fuel phases. The biostatic/biocidal effects of chemicals on the predominant fungi in diesel fuel were studied in laboratory and field tests during 1984-1985. The most effective biocides in controlling C. resinae were benomyl, imazalil and Kathon 886. Imazalil had no effect on Paecilomyces variotii but when used in combination with benomyl a synergistic effect occurred at 100 ppm. Biobor JF, DEGME and EGME performed poorly in laboratory tests regardless of the amount of water present, but gave temporary inhibition of C. resinae in the field tests. Isolates from tanks treated with Biobor JF and DEGME grew well in the presence of these compounds in the laboratory. DML-7 and Proxel AS inhibited C. resinae and Penicillium spp. in both laboratory and field tests at a high dose of 300 ppm but were less effective against P. variotii. The effects of the biocides on engine performance and carbon deposits on engine components were studied. Recommendations for control of microbiological contamination of stored diesel fuel are given. In electron microscope studies no difference was observed in the intracellular structures between jet and diesel fuel isolates of C. resinae and the non-hydrocarbon utilizing Cladosporium cladosporioides.</p>

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Biocidal Properties of Anti-Icing Additives for Aircraft Fuels

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Antifungal and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Photochemically Synthesized Heparin-Coated Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

Antifungal and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Photochemically Synthesized Heparin-Coated Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Ethoxyethanol and Ethoxyethanol Acetate

Identification, Documentation and Control of Biological Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuel

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