Biocompatibility and Antioxidant Activity of a Novel Carrageenan Based Injectable Hydrogel Scaffold Incorporated with Cissus Quadrangularis for Facilitating Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration – An in vitro Study

Abstract

Background: Over the past years, polysaccharide based scaffolds has been the most promising material for tissue engineering. In the present study, carrageenan, an injectable scaffold has been used owing to its advantage and superior property. Cissus quadrangularis, a natural agent was incorporated into the carrageenan scaffold which probably has the potential to make a favourable micro-environment for the dentin-pulp regeneration. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity and biocompatibility of the material. Methods: The present in vitro study comprised of four study group each constituting a sample of 15 (n=15). The carrageenan hydrogel without addition of Cissus quadrangularis acted as control group (Group-I). Based on the concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis (10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v) in carrageenan hydrogel, respective study groups namely II, III and IV were considered. Antioxidant activity was assed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and biocompatibility test was performed by using brine shrimp lethality assay. One-way ANOVA with the post hoc tukey test was performed using SPSS software v22. Results: Significant difference (P<0.05) in the antioxidant activity was observed among the study groups with 20% w/v Cissus quadrangularis hydrogel (group III) reported the highest and control group showed the least antioxidant activity. A significant (P<0.01) drop in the antioxidant activity was observed in group IV when compared with group III. A significant (P<0.001) dose-dependent increase in biocompatibility was observed. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to assess the surface morphology with different concentration of cissus quadrangularis, wherein group III showed even distribution throughout the hydrogel although the particles are close and densely arranged. Reduced antioxidant activity in group IV was probably due to clumping of the particles, thus reducing the active surface area.Conclusion: Keeping the limitations of the in vitro study, it can be assumed that carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold, incorporated with 20% w/v Cissus quadrangularis can provide favourable micro-environment as it is biocompatible and possess better antioxidant property. Hence, this study lays ground for future studies to explore this scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis for dentin pulp regeneration.

Scaffolds in the microbial resistant era: Fabrication, materials, properties and tissue engineering applications

“…Novel carrageenan-based injectable hydrogel scaffolds containing Cissus quadrangularis extract have shown biocompatibility and antioxidant activity for facilitating dentin-pulp complex regeneration [ 352 ].…”