Biocompatibility and biodegradation analysis of Nile Tilapia gelatin and apatite membranes

Abstract

Fish farming by-products could represent large-scale raw materials for xenogeneic implants that could be used for bone regeneration. The objective of this research was to analyze the biocompatibility and biodegradation of gelatin (G) and apatite (A) membranes from Nile tilapia. Adult male Swiss mice underwent subcutaneous implantation of biocomposites derived from skins and scales in different concentrations: 60%G:40%A (G1), 70%G:30%A (G2) and 80%G:20%A (G3). Commercial collagen membrane (C+) or implantless surgery (C-) were used as controls. Euthanasia was performed at 1, 3 or 9 weeks for histological analysis of the infl ammatory and repair criteria as well as the integrity of each material. The statistical analysis of non-parametric data was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Dunn test, with p < 0.05. In vivo results during the experimental period demonstrated progressive improvement in biocompatibility, with G1 and G2 being slightly irritating and G3 non-irritating, just like C+. There were signifi cant differences between test and control groups regarding the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, foreign body giant cells, neovascularization and connective tissue. There was also a decrease in the integrity of the implants, where G1 maintained greater stability than G3 and G2, but less than C+. All biocomposites proved to be biocompatible and partially biodegradable. G1 suggests greater potential for use as an osteopromoting membrane, with its biological performance associated with higher mineral concentration compared to the organic phase. Future long-term orthotopic studies will be conducted to investigate its osteopromoting action.

Efficiency analysis of commercial polymeric membranes for bone regeneration in rat cranial defects

“…Metallic nonresorbable biomaterials (e.g., titanium) have more discrete fibrogenesis because they are bioinert 47 . Natural resorbable polymers (e.g., collagen) exhibit greater peripheral and internal cellularity, mild to moderate chronic inflammation (lymphocytes, macrophages and giant cells) and fibroblast proliferation, in addition to mild to moderate production of connective matrix in the spaces left by the degrading implant up to 60 days 11,[46][47][48][49][50][51] . Natural composite membranes with collagen and apatite also exhibit fibrogenesis similar to collagen biopolymers 17,50,52 .…”

“…Preclinical studies look for membranes with adequate biocompatibility for application to GBR 5,51 . In general, Bio-Gide and Jason are membranes that present a good pattern of non-irritation, considering the inflammatory and repair response 51 .…”

“…Preclinical studies look for membranes with adequate biocompatibility for application to GBR 5,51 . In general, Bio-Gide and Jason are membranes that present a good pattern of non-irritation, considering the inflammatory and repair response 51 . Regarding the tissue dynamics involved, the lower presence of inflammatory cells and twice the number of blood vessels in the first fifteen days after implant of Bio-Gide can explain its better performance in comparison to bacterial cellulose membranes, polycaprolactone with 5% hydroxyapatite, Jason and Collprotect [36][37][38] .…”

Emulgel based on fish skin collagen‐microalgae‐silver increased neovascularization and re‐epithelialization of full thickness burn in rats

“…6,71 Xenogeneic collagen and gelatin also showed good biocompatibility and biodegradability in vivo. 72,73 The similarity of biological behavior of emulgels mentioned above could also be related with the presence of COL, GEL, and sunflower oil constituents. Sunflower oil has pro-healing activities, including the stimulation of neovascularization, migration, and proliferation of fibroblasts.…”

“…6,71 Good biocompatibility and biodegradation in vivo also were related to xenogeneic collagen and gelatin. 72,73 Among other topical formulations, such as creams, lotions, and pastes, emulgel is considered the most efficient controlled delivery system, once the gelling agent forms a porous and aqueous matrix that allows the incorporation of a compound of interest and its controlled release at the target site. 16,60 In addition, an emulgel formed by an emulsion whose oil phase is dispersed in the form of small droplets within the aqueous phase, allows the incorporation of hydrophobic substances inside the micelles, which cannot be integrated directly into the gel phase.…”