Biocompatibility and biomineralization assessment of bioceramic-, epoxy-, and calcium hydroxide-based sealers

Abstract

Obturation of the root canal system aims to fill empty spaces, promoting hermetic sealing and preventing bacterial activity in periapical tissues. This should provide optimal conditions for repair, stimulating the process of biomineralization. An endodontic sealer should be biocompatible once it is in direct contact with periapical tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rat subcutaneous tissue response to implanted polyethylene tubes filled with Smartpaste Bio, Acroseal, and Sealapex and investigate mineralization ability of these endodontic sealers. Forty Wistar rats were assigned to the three sealers groups and control group, (n = 10 animals/group) and received subcutaneous implants containing the test sealers, and the control group were implanted with empty tubes. After days 7, 15, 30, and 60, animals were euthanized and polyethylene tubes were removed with the surrounding tissues. Inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the fibrous capsule were histologically evaluated. Mineralization was analyzed by Von Kossa staining and polarized light. Data were tabulated and analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test. All tested materials induced a moderate inflammatory reaction in the initial periods. Smartpaste Bio induced the mildest inflammatory reactions after day 15. No difference was observed among groups after days 30 or 60. Von Kossa-positive staining and birefringent structures observed under polarized light revealed a larger mineralization area in Sealapex-treated animals followed by Smartpaste Bio-treated animals. At the end of the experiment, all tested sealers were found to be biocompatible. All sealers induced biomineralization, except Acroseal, which induced a mild tissue reaction.

Calcium hydroxide associated with a new vehicle: Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts. Tissue response evaluation

“…28,38,39 The highest scores were observed on days 7 and 15, in the initial period, and were associated with the surgical trauma. The control and experimental groups showed similar levels of inflammation in early periods, and our findings were similar to those reported by Torneck.…”

“…A fibrous capsule was considered to be thin when its thickness was less than 150 μm and thick when it was greater than 150 μm. 26,27,28 The results obtained for edemogenic activity were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test, whereas the results of the histological examination were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance level was set as p < 0.05 for all statistical analyses.…”

Mixing failures of endodontic sealers: an in vivo biocompatibility study

“…After the experimental time periods, the animals were euthanized using an overdose of anesthetic, and the tubes, along with the surrounding tissue, were removed and fixed in 10% formalin. The pieces were embedded in glycol methacrylate (Leica Historesin), cut into 3-µm sections, and stained using hematoxylin and eosin [24,25].…”

“…Inflammatory cell counts higher than 125 were considered severe (score 3). Similarly, the thickness of the fibrous capsule was classfied as follows: considered thin when < 150 µm, while and considered thick when > 150 µm [25,26]. The data were submitted for statistical analysis using the Sigma Plot (version 12.0; Systat Software Inc., CA) software program.…”

Cimentos biocerâmicos em endodontia: revisão de literatura

“…Assim, sendo aplicáveis para uso odontológico e possuindo propriedades hidrofílicas, os cimentos biocerâmicos estão sendo introduzidos no mercado. A sua composição inclui silicatos tricálcicos e dicál-cicos, fosfatos de cálcio, hidróxido de cálcio e óxido de zircónio como um radiopacificador [3][4][5] . Cimentos biocerâmicos estão se tornando populares em endodontia como material de reparação de perfurações nas raízes e cimento obturador de canal radicular devido às suas propriedades, tais como: biocompatibilidade, pH elevado, não reabsorção, facilidade de manuseio no interior dos canais radiculares, aumento da resistência radicular, baixa citotoxicidade, além de não sofrerem contração e serem quimicamente estáveis [6][7][8] .…”