Biocompatibility and bond degradation of poly-acrylic acid coated copper iodide-adhesives

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the effect of poly-acrylic acid (PAA) copper iodide (CuI) adhesives onbond degradation, tensile strength, and biocompatibility. Methods. PAA-CuI particles were incorporated into Optibond XTR, Optibond Solo and XP Bondin 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml. Clearfil SE Protect, an MDPB-containing adhesive, was used as control.The adhesives were applied to human dentin, polymerized and restored with compositein 2 mm-increments. Resin–tensilebond strength after 24 h, 6 months and 1 year. Hourglass specimens (10 × 2 × 1 mm) wereevaluated for ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Cell metabolic function of human gingivalfibroblast cells exposed to adhesive discs (8 × 1 mm) was assessed with MTT assay. Copperrelease from adhesive discs (5 × 1 mm) was evaluated with UV–vis spectrophotometer afterimmersion in 0.9% NaCl for 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30 days. SEM, EDX and XRF were conductedfor microstructure characterization. Results. XTR and Solo did not show degradation when modified with PAA-CuI regardless ofthe concentration. The UTS for adhesives containing PAA-CuI remained unaltered relative tothe controls. The percent viable cells were reduced for Solo 0.5 mg/ml and XP 0.1 or 0.5 mg/mlPAA-CuI. XP demonstrated the highest ion release. For all groups, the highest release wasobserved at days 1 and 14. Significance. PAA-CuI particles prevented the bond degradation of XTR and Solo after 1 yearwithout an effect on the UTS for any adhesive. Cell viability was affected for some adhesives.A similar pattern of copper release was demonstrated for all adhesives.

Cytotoxicity of Self-Etch Versus Etch-and-Rinse Dentin Adhesives: A Screening Study

“…One important finding of our screening study is that Self-Etch and Etch-and-Rinse adhesives showed no statistically significant difference in the observed cytotoxic effects in terms of the qualitative evaluation and the reactivity index. This is in accordance with other studies [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Self-etch dentin adhesives showed more cytotoxicity regarding the quantitative evaluation, which is also in line with previous studies [14,24,[26][27][28].…”

“…This is in accordance with other studies [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Self-etch dentin adhesives showed more cytotoxicity regarding the quantitative evaluation, which is also in line with previous studies [14,24,[26][27][28]. Contradictory, other studies found that Etch-and-Rinse adhesives were more cytotoxic [11,17,[20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…Contradictory, other studies found that Etch-and-Rinse adhesives were more cytotoxic [11,17,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, in all of the comparative studies, other methods, materials and their combinations were used [11,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. It should be noted that in the clinical application of Etch-and-Rinse adhesives conditioning with 37% phosphoric acid is necessary.…”

“…The methods used to evaluate the cytotoxicity are categorized in the assessments of cell damage by morphological means, measurements of cell damage, of cell growth or of specific aspects of cellular metabolism according to ISO 10993-5 [12]. Most studies are based on settings, which are recommended by the ISO 10993-5 under further test procedures to evaluate the cellular metabolism such as MTT or XTT [14][15][16]18,20,21,23,24,[28][29][30][31][32]. An MTT Assay is limited in the distinction of cells that are necrosis or altered into apoptosis [10].…”

Biostable, antidegradative and antimicrobial restorative systems based on host-biomaterials and microbial interactions

“…The authors suggested that this was due to the potentially esterase-inhibiting effect of the particles and the release of copper, though the inhibition was not confirmed. Renne et al also investigated similar polyacrylic acid-coated copper iodide particles, and corroborated previous results confirming antimicrobial efficacy [86]. They also demonstrated a strong ability of the material to inhibit collagen degradation in a simulated body fluid, but did not determine a source of this effect.…”