Biocompatibility and Immunocompatibility Assessment of Poly(2-Oxazolines)

Kronek, Juraj; Paulovičová, Ema; Paulovičová, Lucia; Kroneková, Zuzana; Lustoň, Jozef

doi:10.5772/51501

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Several synthetic and environmentally responsive polymers were used in the recent development of biomaterials [9]. These responsive behaviors are significant attributes for the controlled release of drugs upon application of stimuli such as pH, temperature, light or ionic strength [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro study of partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazolines) as materials for biomedical applications

Shah

Kroneková

Zahoranová

et al. 2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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Polymers based on 2-oxazoline, such as poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazolines) (PETOx), are considered to be a type of 'pseudopeptide' with the ability to form novel biomaterials. The hydrolysis of PETOx was carried out to evaluate its use in biomedical applications. In the present work, PETOx samples with a range of molar masses were prepared by living cationic polymerization. Hydrolysis was carried out at time intervals ranging from 15 to 180 min to prepare copolymers with different amounts of ethylene imine units. (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the structure of the hydrolyzed polymers. The dependence of in vitro cell viability on the degree of hydrolysis was determined using three different model cell lines, namely, mouse embryonic 3T3 fibroblasts, pancreatic βTC3 cells, and mouse lymphoid macrophages P388.D1. It was demonstrated that increasing the degree of hydrolysis decreased cell viability for all cell types. Fibroblast cells displayed the highest tolerance; additionally, the effect of polymer size showed no observable significance. Macrophage cells, immune system representatives, displayed the highest sensitivity to contact with hydrolyzed PETOx. The effect of polymer hydrolysis, polymer concentration and the incubation time on cell viability was experimentally observed. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy provided evidence of cellular uptake of pyrene-labeled (co)polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These responsive behaviors are significant attributes for the controlled release of drugs upon application of stimuli such as pH, temperature, light or ionic strength [9,10]. Living polymerization techniques are of interest in obtaining polymers with well-defined and ordered structures [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro study of partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazolines) as materials for biomedical applications

Shah

Kroneková

Zahoranová

et al. 2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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“…As a promising alternative, poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOx) are a polymer class of growing interest. − Especially, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) possess desirable features for use in drug delivery systems, as they are generally safe at therapeutic doses, biocompatible, highly soluble in water, and resistant to degradation. Furthermore, they can be prepared in a controlled and straightforward manner via cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of functional 2-oxazoline monomers, yielding well-defined polymers with narrow dispersity and with control over side chain and chain-end functionality. − This chemical versatility creates many opportunities for the development of PAOx-based PDCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Conjugates with Salicylic Acid via Degradable Modular Ester Linkages

et al. 2020

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Conjugation of drugs to polymers is a widely used approach to gain control over the release of therapeutics. In this contribution, salicylic acid, a multipurpose model drug, is conjugated to the biocompatible poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx). The drug is attached to the side chains of a polymer carrier through a hydrolytically cleavable ester linker, via a sequential postpolymerization modification. The chemical modulation of this ester, i.e., by primary or secondary alcohols, is demonstrated to greatly influence the ester hydrolysis rate. This crucial parameter allows us to tune the in vitro kinetics of the sustained drug release for periods exceeding a month in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The synthetic accessibility of the cleavable linker, together with the modularity of the drug release rate offered by this approach, highlights the utility of this class of polymers in the field of long-lasting drug delivery systems for persistent and chronic disease treatment.

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“…The use of microwave synthesizers has exerted a tremendous impact on the polymerization of 2-oxazolines by reducing the polymerization time to minutes or even seconds, thus allowing for high-throughput polymer synthesis and a systematic study of structure-property relationships. 5,6 Therefore, PAOxs have become promising candidates for varying biomedical applications, [7][8][9][10] exhibiting higher synthetic versatility than the ubiquitous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). 11,12 The hydrolysis of PAOx renders linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI), constituting the main method to synthesize well dened L-PEI with interesting solubility properties due to its crystallinity and pH responsiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and accurate partial hydrolysis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) into tailored linear polyethylenimine copolymers

et al. 2014

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Partial hydrolysis of poly(2-oxazoline)s yields poly[(2-oxazoline)-co-(ethylenimine)] copolymers that are of interest for a broad range of applications, from switchable surfaces, nanoparticles and hydrogels, to gene delivery and biosensors. In the present research, a fast and reproducible method is developed to obtain poly[(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-co-(ethylenimine)] (P(EtOx-co-EI)) copolymers via acid-catalyzed partial hydrolysis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx). The hydrolysis kinetics were investigated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography using hexafluoroisopropanol as eluent. It was found that the hydrolysis was greatly accelerated by increasing the temperature from 100 °C up to near-critical water (275 °C) using microwave reactors; similar results were obtained in conventional pressure reactors at 180 °C. The optimal hydrolysis with regard to speed and control over the final copolymer structure was achieved at 180 °C, since the polymer was found to degrade and decompose above this temperature. In addition, control over the desired degree of hydrolysis of PEtOx was obtained by selecting the appropriate HCl concentration. To summarize, this work reports on defining optimal conditions to achieve tailored P(EtOx-co-EI) copolymers in a fast and reproducible way, utilizing high temperatures and controlled acidic conditions

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Biocompatibility and Immunocompatibility Assessment of Poly(2-Oxazolines)

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

In vitro study of partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazolines) as materials for biomedical applications

In vitro study of partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazolines) as materials for biomedical applications

Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Conjugates with Salicylic Acid via Degradable Modular Ester Linkages

Fast and accurate partial hydrolysis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) into tailored linear polyethylenimine copolymers

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