Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Capacity of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells on nHAC/PLA and HA/TCP Scaffolds

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of a newly-developed scaffold, nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactide) (nHAC/PLA), on the attachment, proliferation and osteogenic capability of dog periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP), a commonly used bone substitute, was used as a positive control. PDLSCs isolated from dog molar were incubated in an osteogenic medium to evaluate their osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and then seeded onto nHAC/PLA and HA/TCP scaffolds. In vitro cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cell counting, 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-5-[3-carboxy-phenyl]-2-[4-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium and alkaline phosphate activity, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Finally, the constructs were implanted subcutaneously into dogs to investigate their osteogenic capacity. After osteogenic induction for 21 days, PDLSCs differentiated into osteogenic lineage, as indicated by the expressions of osteoblastic differentiation genes CoL-I, OCN and OPN mRNA, and the formation of mineral deposits. When seeded onto scaffolds, the cells attached and spread well, and retained their osteogenic phenotypes on both scaffolds. Comparatively, cell number and proliferative viability on nHAC/PLA constructs were greater than those on HA/TCP constructs (P < 0.05). Histological results showed that new bone and osteoid was formed in both groups, and histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the amount of newly formed bone in the nHAC/PLA group was higher than that in the HA/TCP group (P < 0.05). This study suggests that nHAC/PLA can be used as a potent scaffold for alveolar bone regeneration.

Effect of concentrated growth factors on beagle periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro

“…As an increasing number of PDLSC studies have been conducted, STRO-1, CD146 and other mesenchymal stem cell surface markers and certain perivascular cell surface markers, such as CD105, CD106 and CD166, have been widely recognized. The STRO-1 antibody immunomagnetic or the flow cytometry separation methods are commonly known to be the most effective separation methods for PDLSCs (4,(20)(21)(22)(23). In the present study, STRO-1 + cells were separated by flow cytometry and preliminary identification indicated that these cells possess high self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential.…”

“…(4,20,21). Briefly, periodontal ligament tissues were scraped from the intermediate 1/3 of the root.…”

Evaluation of BMP-2 Enhances the Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Collagen/Poly(l-Lactide)

“…The nHAC/PLA scaffold has good biocompatibility and osteoconductive capacity [40]. It was formed from new mineralized collagen consisting of a combination of collagen fibrils and PLA attached to nanohydroxyapatite by a self-assembly method.…”

Mesenchymal stem cells in the dental tissues: perspectives for tissue regeneration

“…These studies revealed the regeneration of normal periodontal tissues, containing organized cementum, alveolar bone and the PDL attachment apparatus. The possibility of constructing a root-periodontal tissue complex was further successfully demonstrated using a pelleted hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate scaffold containing SCAP, coated with PDLSC-seeded Gelfoam, implanted and grown in minipig tooth socket (11,41). The multipotent differentiation properties of PDLSC for generating both hard and soft tissues were further demonstrated by constructing multilayered cell sheets supported by woven polyglycolic acid.…”