Biocompatibility and photo-induced antibacterial activity of lignin-stabilized noble metal nanoparticles

Abstract

Natural derived compounds, lignins, can be used as reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties.

Lignin for Nano‐ and Microscaled Carrier Systems: Applications, Trends, and Challenges

“…Ag‐infused NPs (SKL), lignin‐capped Ag NPs (AL), silica/lignin–Ag NPs (KL), acid‐precipitated lignin particles (AL)…”

“…Recent studies also reported silica particles, SWCNTs, and fullerene for antibacterial activity. The majority of antibacterial lignin materials make use of Ag ions or Ag NPs, as active payload. Nevertheless, also metal‐free acid‐precipitated LNPs were recently shown to possess antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative plant pathogen strains .…”

“…The important findings from investigations of effects of lignin‐based materials on living organisms are summarized in Table . Studies with fibroblast cells showed that the commercially available AL is biocompatible both as such and in form of AL–PHB composite nanofibers . Moreover, the presence of residual lignin in cellulose hydrogel films increased cell viability compared to those observed on polystyrene or bleached cellulose hydrogel surfaces .…”

Lignin–Inorganic Interfaces: Chemistry and Applications from Adsorbents to Catalysts and Energy Storage Materials

“…[67] The most common strategies include incorporation of silver ions or NPs in lignin-based organic [68] and inorganic [69] composite materials, and infusion of silver ions into LNPs. [70,71] Lignin also functions as a reducing agent in the preparation of silver NPs [72][73][74][75][76] and composite materials with antioxidant activity. [74,77,78] Phenolic hydroxyl groups are the active species that undergo oxidation to quinones and release one hydrogen ion and one electron, which reduces Ag + to Ag 0 .…”

Assembly of lignin-based colloidal particles: effects of cationic surfactants, molecular weight, and solvent on morphology

“…5,7 Lignin is the second most ample environmentally friendly biomass raw material available in nature (aer cellulose), which can be used in the preparation of synthetic polymer materials, and it is expected to replace fossil resources. [8][9][10] Lignin contains functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl, aliphatic hydroxyl, carbonyl group, and carboxyl group, which can be formulated into various micro-/nanoparticles. [11][12][13] Self-assembly is a worthwhile strategy to form micro-/nanoparticles owing to their amphiphilic properties.…”