Biocompatibility evaluation of orthodontic composite by real-time cell analysis

Abstract

<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction:</jats:title><jats:p> The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of three different light-cured orthodontic composites. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods:</jats:title><jats:p> Light Bond (Reliance orthodontic products), Grengloo (Ormco corporation), and Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe GmbH) were selected for the experiment. Specimens were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions, measuring 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Fibroblast cells were obtained from healthy gingival connective tissues. The composite cylinders were incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s culture medium for 72 h according to ISO 10993-5 standards. The xCELLigence method was used to evaluate fibroblast cell vitality. After seeding 200 mL of the cell suspensions into the wells (20,000 cells/well) of the E-plate 96, gingival fibroblasts were treated with bioactive components released by the orthodontic composite materials and monitored every 15 min for 121 h. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p> There were no significant differences between the human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell indexes of the control and all testing groups ( p &gt; 0.05) at 24 and 48 h. Light Bond demonstrated statistically significant decrease in HGF index ( p &lt; 0.05) at 72 h, but there was no significant difference among the Kurasper F, Grengloo, and untreated control groups ( p &gt; 0.05). Light Bond ( p &lt; 0.001) and Grengloo ( p &lt; 0.05) groups had lower HGF cell index values when compared to untreated control group, but Kurasper F demonstrated no significant differences between the control groups at 96 h ( p &gt; 0.05). </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title><jats:p> Orthodontic composite materials include biologically active components and may change oral tissue. So, biocompatible orthodontic bonding composites should be used. </jats:p></jats:sec>

Cytotoxic effects of contemporary bulk-fill dental composites: A real-time cell analysis

“…One of the real time assays is iCELLigence system RTCA (Roche Applied Science). This system was used by researchers to assess the cytotoxicity of different dental materials 25,29,30) . It uses microelectronic biosensor technology to perform dynamic, real-time, label-free, and non-invasive analysis of cellular events, including cell number change, cell adhesion, cell viability, cell morphology, and cell motility 31) .…”

“…The system also provides for the calculation of time-dependent physiological EC50 values, which can be more illuminating than single EC50 end-points of classic toxicity testing. Moreover, real-time analysis is effective for determining cell densities in small culture volumes and observing the reactions of live cells to chemical exposure which is not yet possible with current end point assays 30) . In addition to this advantages, researchers 32) found strong correlations with conventional methods and real-time assay systems.…”

Cytotoxicity evaluation of eluates from universal adhesives by real-time cell analysis

“…Furthermore, the iCELLigence system provides for the calculation of time-dependent physiological EC50 values, which can be more illuminating than single EC50 end-points of classic toxicity testing. Moreover, the RTCA was proved to be effective to determine cell densities in small culture volumes and the reaction of live cells to chemical exposure 58) . Conversely, RTCA is not possible with the conventional end-point assays.…”

Cytotoxicity of bracket identification dyes

“…Previously, many studies have examined the tissue biocompatibility of orthodontic materials. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] However, there has been no trial of the dyes used in the colored identification dots.…”

“…In the literature, many different orthodontic materials that could be considered innocent on first assessment, perhaps even more innocent than the dye, have been examined for their toxicity. Orthodontic brackets, 1 bands, 2 elastomeric ligatures, 3 mini-implants, 4 composites, 5 and aligners 6 have been evaluated by researchers, and information has been presented previously. In those papers, the biocompatibility of different orthodontic materials was investigated to determine whether they release ingredients that can be harmful to cells.…”