Biocompatibility of a HA/β-TCP/C Scaffold as a Pulp-Capping Agent for Vital Pulp Treatment: An In Vivo Study in Rat Molars

Abstract

Bioceramic materials possess desirable biological properties, highlighting their non-reactivity and osteoconductivity. Their use has been extended in vital pulp treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), and collagen (C) scaffold with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the vital pulp of rat molars. Thirty-two molars of Sprague–Dawley rats underwent direct pulp capping with β-TCP/HA/C (n = 16) and MTA (n = 16). After 30 days, the following parameters were evaluated in the tested samples: the degree of pulp inflammation and pulp vitality, the presence of reparative dentin, the homogeneity of the odontoblastic layer, and the presence of pulp fibrosis. No statistically significant differences were observed between HA/β-TCP/C and MTA in terms of the degree of inflammation (p = 0.124). Significant differences were found in reparative dentin formation between the treatment groups (p = 0.0005). Dentin bridge formation was observed in the MTA-treated group. The local action of HA/β-TCP/C is similar to that of MTA when used as an agent for pulp vital treatment in terms of absence of inflammation and maintenance of pulp vitality, although there are significant differences between both materials regarding the formation of dentin bridges.

Application of β-Tricalcium Phosphate in Adhesive Dentin Bonding

“…β-TCP is a biocompatible material that is of particular interest for various clinical applications as it can be synthesized with consistent batch quality because it has well-defined properties [ 15 ]. In the last two decades, their use in dentistry has increased and β-TCP has shown its efficacy in many applications, especially in the vital pulp therapy as a direct pulp-capping agent [ 16 , 17 ], in treating periodontal infra-bony defects [ 18 ], and in alveolar ridge preservation for implant placement [ 19 ]. Schiroky et al formerly incorporated TCP nanoparticles in their experimental adhesive (EA) and reported higher Knoop hardness and polymerization rate as compared with the controls [ 13 ].…”

Present status and future directions: Hydraulic materials for endodontic use

“…The initial setting time for powder-liquid cements such as MTA ProRoot (Dentsply), MTA Angelus (Angelus) and Biodentine (Septodont Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) was reported in the ranges of (17-228) min, (9-30) min and (7-13) min respectively (Acris De Carvalho et al, 2021;Butt et al, 2014;Dawood et al, 2015;De Souza et al, 2018;Gandolfi et al, 2009;Grech et al, 2013;Jiménez-Sánchez et al, 2019;Kang et al, 2021;Kaup et al, 2015;Pelepenko et al, 2021;Vivan et al, 2010;. The final setting time ranged between (122-241) min, min and (20-45) min respectively (Dawood et al, 2015;Gandolfi et al, 2009;Grech et al, 2013;Guimarães et al, 2018;Jiménez-Sánchez et al, 2019;Kang et al, 2021;Pelepenko et al, 2021;Vivan et al, 2010;. These variations are due to differences amongst the cements in their chemical formulations, purity of their constituents, the presence of setting accelerators (such as calcium chloride) and the means of hydration (El-Elaouni & Benkaddour, 1997;Kjellsen & Justnes, 2004;Lee et al, 2017).…”

A Review of Recent Advances in Natural Polymer-Based Scaffolds for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering

“…Although HA has superiorities with non-reactivity, osteoconductivity, and outstanding strength to composite collagen, the shortcomings such as the low degradation rate of HA still inhibit the development of HA/collagen materials. As a result, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) provides both the stability of HA and the biodegradability of ꞵ-TCP and has emerged as a promising future direction [ 95 ].…”