Biocompatibility of Dental Alloys

Abstract

Modern dental alloys have been used for 50 years to produce prosthetic dental restorations. Generally, the crowns and frames of a prosthesis are prepared in dental alloys, and then veneered by feldspar ceramics or composites. In use, the alloys are exposed to the corrosive influence of saliva and bacteria. Metallic dental materials can be classified as precious and non‐precious alloys. Precious alloys consist of gold, platinum, and small amounts of non‐precious components such as copper, tin, or zinc. The non‐precious alloys are based on either nickel or cobalt, alloyed with chrome, molybdenum, manganese, etc. Titanium is used as Grade 2 quality for dental purposes. As well as the dental casting alloys, high purity electroplated gold (99.8 wt.‐%) is used in dental technology. This review discusses the corrosion behavior of metallic dental materials with saliva in “in vitro” tests and the influence of alloy components on bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus mutans). The test results show that alloys with high gold content, cobalt‐based alloys, titanium, and electroplated gold are suitable for use as dental materials.

Comparative corrosion study of Ti–Ta alloys for dental applications

“…This must happen under certain constraints [1]: (i) any undesirable local or systemic effects, (ii) the most appropriate host response, and (iii) optimizing the clinical performance of the therapy. To satisfy these constraints, the development of new materials with desired bulk and surface properties was one of the solutions adopted by researchers and specialists [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. When a long-term implantable device is designed, the following bulk and surface properties of biomaterials need to be considered [1,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]: bulk and superficial chemical composition, structure, morphology, surface topography, surface energy, mechanical properties, electric and magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, degradation resistance, etc.…”

Quantification of the heat transfer during the plasma arc re-melting of titanium alloys

“…For example, golf clubs and bike frames. [5][6] Focusing on its application in the aerospace industry, in the early 1950's, the United…”

Quantitative Chemical Mapping of Relevant Trace Elements at Biomaterials/Biological Media Interfaces by Ion Beam Methods

“…This lower ratio is especially observed in synovial tissues (synovial membrane contains synoviocytes identical to macrophages cells) and in capsular tissue (where macrophages and giant cells are noted). [22] The decrease of this ratio is correlated to corrosion of grains by giant cells and macrophages, or by environment acidity. Cr recombines with O present in tissues and this leads to the formation of Cr oxide.…”