Biocompatibility of Immobilized Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Nayagam, David A. X.; Williams, Richard A.; Chen, Jun; Magee, Kylie A.; Irwin, Jennifer; Tan, Justin; Innis, Peter C.; Leung, Ronald T; Finch, Sue; Williams, Chris; Clark, Graeme M.; Wallace, Gordon G.

doi:10.1002/smll.201002083

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These types of electrodes are more difficult to manufacture and typically have a lower charge capacity than other electrode materials. Carbon-based materials, including carbon fibres [13], carbon nanotubes [14,15] and graphene [16] are comparatively economical and present a very high surface area, resulting in a large charge capacity, however long term in vivo stability of these materials has not yet been tested and the safety of carbon nanotubes is still being debated [17]. Doped diamond has also recently been reported as a very low fouling, good biocompatibility and large charge capacity material [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting polymer coated neural recording electrodes

et al. 2012

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Neural recording electrodes suffer from poor signal to noise ratio, charge density, biostability and biocompatibility. This paper investigates the ability of conducting polymer coated electrodes to record acute neural response in a systematic manner, allowing in depth comparison of electrochemical and electrophysiological response. Approach. Polypyrrole (Ppy) and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) doped with sulphate (SO4) or para-toluene sulfonate (pTS) were used to coat iridium neural recording electrodes. Detailed electrochemical and electrophysiological investigations were undertaken to compare the effect of these materials on acute in vivo recording. Main results. A range of charge density and impedance responses were seen with each respectively doped conducting polymer. All coatings produced greater charge density than uncoated electrodes, while PEDOT-pTS, PEDOT-SO 4 and Ppy-SO4 possessed lower impedance values at 1 kHz than uncoated electrodes. Charge density increased with PEDOT-pTS thickness and impedance at 1 kHz was reduced with deposition times up to 45 s. Stable electrochemical response after acute implantation inferred biostability of PEDOT-pTS coated electrodes while other electrode materials had variable impedance and/or charge density after implantation indicative of a protein fouling layer forming on the electrode surface. Recording of neural response to white noise bursts after implantation of conducting polymer-coated electrodes into a rat model inferior colliculus showed a general decrease in background noise and increase in signal to noise ratio and spike count with reduced impedance at 1 kHz, regardless of the specific electrode coating, compared to uncoated electrodes. A 45 s PEDOT-pTS deposition time yielded the highest signal to noise ratio and spike count. Significance. A method for comparing recording electrode materials has been demonstrated with doped conducting polymers. PEDOT-pTS showed remarkable low fouling during acute implantation, inferring good biostability. Electrode impedance at 1 kHz was correlated with background noise and inversely correlated with signal to noise ratio and spike count, regardless of coating. These results collectively confirm a potential for improvement of neural electrode systems by coating with conducting polymers. 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting polymer coated neural recording electrodes

et al. 2012

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“…This kind of response would reduce the electrode charge delivery capacity and recording sensitivity (Williams et al, 2007). Biocompatibility of CNTs is highly dependent on their mode of production, size, purification chemical functionalization, dose, and type of administration (systemic etc) (Ciofani et al, 2010;Nayagam et al, 2011). However, CNT surfaces are chemically inert (Niyogi et al, 2002) and can be modified by various functional groups to tailor them for a specific biological function.…”

Section: Biocompatibiltymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We believe this is an indication of a more generalized, also in vivo, behavior: certain kinds of CNT perform well when implanted in any excitable tissue. For example, immobilized multi-walled-walled CNT (MWCNT) arrays were implanted in male guinea pig muscles (Nayagam et al, 2011). The immobile CNTs presented with an insignificant host response while the dislodged CNTs were phagocytosed.…”

Section: Biocompatibiltymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissue reaction determines the viability of a material as an implant material. A recent study, the first of its kind, investigated the chronic (12 weeks) response of muscle to implanted aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) (Nayagam et al, 2011). Although not implanted in CNS, this study is highly relevant as it tests immoblized MWCNT arrays and not freely floating MWCNTs.…”

Section: Cnt Coated Implants: In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implantable Electrodes with Carbon Nanotube Coatings

Minnikanti¹,

Peixoto²

2011

Carbon Nanotubes Applications on Electron Devices

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“…CNTs have a wide range of potential application in composite materials, microelectronics, electrochemistry (batteries and solar cell) and biological field [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. Laser ablation of carbon [81][82][83], carbon-arc discharge [47,76,[84][85][86] and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [87][88][89] are three usual methods to generate CNTs. Purification and non-limitation of the sample size make CVD more popular than the other two methods to generate CNTs [90].…”

Section: Plastics and Plastic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of nano-carbons from different waste plastics and diverse catalysts

Wei¹

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Polymers have important and widespread applications in modern materials due to their excellent formability, chemical stability, light weight and low cost. Their production has increased exponentially over the last 60 years after their introduction to the markets from 1.5 million tons/year in 1950 to 322 million tons per year in 2015. Polymeric materials are often discarded after a single use, and post-consumer waste has become a very serious environmental problem, as it is no-biodegradable. Therefore, different recycling, reuse and, even upcycling methods for waste plastics have been investigated. This research aimed at systematically investigating the influence of the types of stainless steel catalysts and their pretreatment on the formation of nanotubes. The targeted polymer feedstocks were postconsumer polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) as pellets, clippings or powders. The polymers were pyrolyzed in an inert nitrogen atmosphere in an electrically heated furnace kept at 800 °C. Their effluent gases from this furnace, containing the gaseous pyrolyzates of the polymers, were then channeled to a separate electrically-heated furnace, were the catalyst substrates were heated to 800 °C. Therein synthesis of carbon nanotubes took place by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in nitrogen. The catalytic substrates used for the nanoparticle growth were T304, T316, and T316L stainless steel meshes. The substrates were used as received, or pretreated by acid wash and/or heat-treated in air or in nitrogen at 800 °C. The produced nanomaterials were characterized by the use of SEM and TEM.

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Biocompatibility of Immobilized Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 39 publications

References 31 publications

Conducting polymer coated neural recording electrodes

Conducting polymer coated neural recording electrodes

Implantable Electrodes with Carbon Nanotube Coatings

Synthesis of nano-carbons from different waste plastics and diverse catalysts

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