Biocompatibility: Testing

Bumgardner, Joel D.; Vasquez-Lee, Marcia; Fulzele, Keertik S.; Smith, Daniel H.; Branch, Kellye D.; Christian, Seth; Williams, Dudley

doi:10.1081/e-ebppc-120007261

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Biocompatibility requires a risk assessment in which a cytotoxicity test must be performed to verify if calcium sulfate is capable of causing toxic responses in patients. Most materials at some concentrations produce a toxic reaction [ 45 ]. Although CS is characterized as a biocompatible material [ 15 ], cell behavior varies depending on the material characteristics and the testing system [ 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although CS is characterized as a biocompatible material [ 15 ], cell behavior varies depending on the material characteristics and the testing system [ 43 ]. Thus, various in vitro testing methods are useful to verify if the material is potentially toxic in different ways [ 45 , 46 ]. CS particles induced the adverse cell response at high concentrations, however, this effect could be expected efficiently compensated in vivo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Facile Synthesis Process and Evaluations of α-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate for Bone Substitute

Nguyen

Pham³

et al. 2020

Materials

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Alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) has been used effectively in grafting through its desired features to support bone regeneration. In recent years, many synthetic methods have been proposed. Among them, the autoclave method for manufacturing α-HH is best suited for cost-savings due to its simple operation and limited use of additives. Despite these advantages, the synthesis of surgical grade products without the use of any additives has not yet been clearly discussed. In this study, surgical grade α-HH was successfully produced from calcium sulfate dihydrate (DH) using the autoclave method at an elevated temperature and pressure. The synthesized powder had a high purity of about 98.62% α-HH with a prismatic morphology (20.96 ± 8.83 µm in length and 1.30 ± 0.71 µm in diameter). The screening tests, in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, for the product properties showed no bioactivity, and fast degradation accompanied by a slight decrease in pH. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay showed good biocompatibility of the material, however, its potential for cytotoxicity was also observed in NIH 3T3 cells. Briefly, despite some unfavorable properties, the autoclave-synthesized α-HH is a promising bone graft substitute that can be applied in orthopedic and maxillofacial surgeries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%