Biocompatible and detectable carboxylated nanodiamond on human cell

Abstract

Surface-modified carboxylated nanometre-sized diamond (cND) has been applied for the conjugation of biological molecules such as DNA and protein. In this study, we evaluated the biocompatibility and detection of cNDs and carbon nanotubes on human lung A549 epithelial cells and HFL-1 normal fibroblasts. Treatment with 5 or 100 nm cND particles, 0.1-100 μg ml −1 , did not reduce the cell viability and alter the protein expression profile in lung cells; however, carbon nanotubes induced cytotoxicity in these cells. The cNDs particles were accumulated in A549 cells, which were observed by atomic force microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Both 5 and 100 nm cNDs particles exhibited the green fluorescence and were ingested into cells. Moreover, the fluorescence intensities were increased in cells via a concentration-dependent manner after treatment with 5 and 100 nm cNDs, which can be detected by flow cytometer analysis. The fluorescence intensities of 5 nm cNDs were relative higher than 100 nm cNDs in cells at equal concentration treatment. The observation demonstrated that cND-interacting with cell is detectable by a confocal microscope, flow cytometer and atomic force microscope. These nanoparticles may be useful for further biomedical applications based on the properties of uptake ability, detectability and little cytotoxicity in human cells.

Inhibition of type 1 fimbriae-mediated Escherichia coli adhesion and biofilm formation by trimeric cluster thiomannosides conjugated to diamond nanoparticles

“…[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Although their in vivo toxicity depends in particular on their surface characteristics (as well as the nature of the ligands they carry on their surface), 51 ND particles have thus far been reported not to induce significant cytotoxicity in a variety of cell types. [51][52][53][54] The demonstration that our 1 st -generation sugar-conjugated NDs do show marked anti-adhesive activity in cell-based assays without displaying toxicity against eukaryotic cells conforted us in our choice of particle and convinced us that sugar-NDs should indeed be further pursued as biomaterials. Particularly striking was the unexpected observation that these ND-mannose conjugates are able to inhibit E. coliinduced biofilm formation.…”

Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions

“…Fluorescing nitrogen-vacancy diamond nanocrystals can be used as markers for bioimaging applications 15 . Such markers have attracted widespread interest because of their unprecedented photostability and non-toxicity 16,17 . It was recognized recently that the magnetic properties of such fluorescent labels can in principle be used for novel microscopy 18,19 .…”

Luminescent nanodiamonds for biomedical applications

“…The measurement of mitochondrial damage using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay revealed that the toxicity of nanodiamonds (Schrand et al 2009) in a wide range of cell lines is extremely low (Table 6). In acute conditions, cells tolerate concentrations up to about 400 μg/mL of raw or surface functionalised nanodiamonds in vitro Chao et al 2007;Liu et al 2007;Schrand et al 2007;Faklaris et al 2008;Vaijayanthimala et al 2009), with a decrease by approximately 20% in cell viability in some cancer cells at concentrations of 4 × 10 7 nanodiamonds/mL (Burleson et al 2009). Protein expression ), rates of cellular proliferation and differentiation (Vaijayanthimala et al 2009), as well as rates of apoptosis ) have all been used to show nanodiamond in vitro biocompatibility.…”

“…In one study, the application of nanodiamonds to the skin of mice did not cause contact hypersensitivity or other allergic reactions (Burleson et al 2009). At a dose of 1mg/kg, Other -DNA (Christiaens et al 2006;Takahashi et al 2003;Knickerbocker et al 2003;Lu et al 2004;Rezek et al 2006;Yang et al 2002) -DNA (Ushizawa et al 2002) (ester linkage) Table 6 Cells showing good biocompatibility with nanodiamond in vitro HeLa cells (human cervical carcinoma) (Faklaris et al 2008;Vaijayanthimala et al 2009) Human lung adenocarcinoma cells Liu et al 2007;Liu et al 2009) Keratinocytes (Burleson et al 2009;Schrand et al 2007) Neuroblastomas (Schrand et al 2007) PC-12 cells (Schrand et al 2007) Lung fibroblasts Embryonic fibroblasts Vaijayanthimala et al 2009) Human kidney cells Osteoprogenitor cells (Vaijayanthimala et al 2009) Macrophages (Schrand et al 2007) 4 nm nanodiamonds instilled into the mouse trachea were phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages within 24 h, with a decrease in the number of nanodiamonds observed in the alveolar area throughout the study. Histopathological and ultrastructural investigations at 7, 14 and 28 days postexposure also showed no adverse effects in the lungs; nor did nanodiamonds evidently translocate into the bloodstream and/or other organs (Yuan et al 2010).…”