Biocompatible Nanocomposites for Postoperative Adhesion: A State-of-the-Art Review

Abstract

To reduce and prevent postsurgical adhesions, a variety of scientific approaches have been suggested and applied. This includes the use of advanced therapies like tissue-engineered (TE) biomaterials and scaffolds. Currently, biocompatible antiadhesive constructs play a pivotal role in managing postoperative adhesions and several biopolymer-based products, namely hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), are available on the market in different forms (e.g., sprays, hydrogels). TE polymeric constructs are usually associated with critical limitations like poor biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Hence, biocompatible nanocomposites have emerged as an advanced therapy for postoperative adhesion treatment, with hydrogels and electrospun nanofibers among the most utilized antiadhesive nanocomposites for in vitro and in vivo experiments. Recent studies have revealed that nanocomposites can be engineered to generate smart three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds that can respond to different stimuli, such as pH changes. Additionally, nanocomposites can act as multifunctional materials for the prevention of adhesions and bacterial infections, as well as tissue healing acceleration. Still, more research is needed to reveal the clinical potential of nanocomposite constructs and the possible success of nanocomposite-based products in the biomedical market.

Hemoadhican-Based Bioabsorbable Hydrogel for Preventing Postoperative Adhesions

“…We consider that the antifouling and antiadhesion mechanisms of HD hydrogels are similar to those of amphoteric ions. Poly­(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a popular choice for anti-PA applications because it is effective at retaining water, is compatible with tissues, and resists nonspecific protein adsorption. , Zwitterionic polymers are also known for their ultrahydrophilicity due to the combination of oppositely charged moieties . From an engineering perspective, both PEG and zwitterionic polymers can help prevent protein adsorption or cell adsorption through polymer hydration. , As a type of soluble polysaccharide, HD can form lengthy carbohydrate chains.…”