Biocompatible nanoparticles and vesicular systems in transdermal drug delivery for various skin diseases

Topical Minoxidil-Loaded Nanotechnology Strategies for Alopecia

“…Lipid nanoparticles are colloidal systems that are easy to produce and allow a quick scale-up, emerging as sustainable and targeted MXD delivery systems [50]. Regarding these nanotechnology-based formulations, there are two major groups that may be categorized: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), which appeared in the 1990s, and are constituted only by lipids in solid phase, and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), which appeared after SLNs, as an improvement, in order to overcome SLNs' issues regarding stability, drug leakage during storage and low drug loading [47,49,51]. The development of MXD-loaded lipid nanotechnology-based formulations are indeed a promising strategy for MXD dermal delivery regarding improved AGA treatment.…”

“…Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicular nanotechnology-based formulations capable of accommodating either hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. The first major use of niosomes were reported in the cosmetic field, with several applications concerning the development of niosome-based cosmetic formulations [14,51,60]. Typical compositions consist of cholesterol and surfactant molecules, assembled in a stable bilayered nanostructure with an aqueous inner compartment [61].…”

“…Several studies report the capabilities of ethosomes on improving drug skin permeation, due to their interaction with the stratum corneum's lipids and enhancement of both the cellular membrane's fluidity and permeability [40,65]. Ethosomes allow for deeper cutaneous drug permeation, enhanced drug delivery performance and stability compared to liposomes, the latter exhibiting lower skin penetration and hampering accumulation into deep skin layers [37,40,51]. MXD loading into ethosomes resulted in skin permeation enhancements, as it could reach deeper skin layers [37].…”

Nanodermatology‐based solutions for psoriasis: State‐of‐the art and future prospects

“…Vesicular systems are novel methods to deliver encapsulated drugs, increase their bioavailability with a higher control of the delivering‐time (Kumar & Rajeshwarrao, ). They include liposomes, ethosomes, trans‐ethosomes, niosomes, pro‐niosomes, invasomes, micro‐ and nano‐emulsions, and transfersomes, among others (Carter, Narasimhan, & Wang, ; Schäfer‐Korting, Korting, & Braun‐Falco, ; Vincent, Ramya, & Vedha, ).…”

Breathable Nanowood Biofilms as Guiding Layer for Green On‐Skin Electronics

“…Recently, thin‐film wearable electronics (WearE) are urged to be directly laminated onto human skin for reliable, sensitive biosensing together with feedback transdermal therapy, their self‐power supply using the thermoelectric and moisture‐induced‐electric effects also has gained great attention (skin and on‐skin electronics (On‐skinE) themselves are energy storehouse). However, several challenges are to be faced, “thin‐film” On‐skinE I) cannot install “bulky” heatsinks or sweat transport channels, but the output power of the thermoelectric generator and moisture‐induced‐electric generator depends on the temperature difference (∆ T ) across generator and the ambient humidity (AH), respectively; II) also lack a routing and accumulation of sweat for biosensing technologies, and lack a targeted delivery of drugs for precise feedback transdermal therapy technologies; and III) need insulate between the heat‐generating unit and heat‐sensitive unit.…”