Biocompatible PEGDA Resin for 3D Printing

Warr, Chandler A.; Valdoz, Jonard Corpuz; Bickham, Bryce P.; Knight, Connor J.; Franks, Nicholas A.; Chartrand, Nicholas A; Ry, Pam M. Van; Christensen, Kenneth A.; Nordin, Gregory P.; Cook, Alonzo D.

doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c00055

Cited by 98 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The build platform is a modified Solus 3D printing mechanism, holding a resin tray with a tensioned FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer) film. The other printer has an improved Visitech light engine with the same resolution (2560 × 1600 pixels) and a 365 nm LED, which permits the use of avobenzone as the UV absorber [ 19 ]. In addition, this printer has a 100 mm linear Griffin Motion stage with a single-axis Galil controller and a custom resin tray.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to different monomers, two different UV absorbers were evaluated, corresponding to the 2 different light engines: 2% NPS for the 385 nm source, and 0.38% avobenzone (AVB) for the 365 nm source. The latter was developed as a biocompatible resin [ 19 ]. The particular concentrations of each absorber were chosen so that the optical penetration depth for each light source was essentially the same, namely, 12

m, which facilitated our use of 10

m-thick printing layers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limitations of these two categories of MFDs, high-resolution printing constrained to a single plane (pMFD) and the low-resolution printing of non-planar 3D microfluidic devices (npMFD), prompted the Nordin group to develop a high-resolution SLA printer and resin capable of manufacturing npMFDs with channel dimensions as small as 18 × 20

m [ 15 , 16 ]. Subsequent publications based on our custom-built non-planar 3D printing system have demonstrated microchannels, pumps, control valves and mixers—all within a matrix of biocompatible polymers [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. One unit operation yet to be demonstrated in our system is that of droplet generation, which has been shown to be key to many microfluidic operations [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the aqueous droplet generation in this previous system was problematic because the PEG-acrylate resin was not sufficiently hydrophobic. In this paper, we present two developments by which droplet generators can be made in high-resolution npMFDs on the custom printer that we previously developed and demonstrated [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 25 ]. We first developed and characterized a novel hydrophobic resin by measuring the hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties and correlating these with the resin formulation that allows the formation of aqueous droplets (in oil) with any desired droplet generator geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D-Printed Microfluidic Droplet Generator with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers

et al. 2021

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Droplet generation has been widely used in conventional two-dimensional (2D) microfluidic devices, and has recently begun to be explored for 3D-printed droplet generators. A major challenge for 3D-printed devices is preventing water-in-oil droplets from sticking to the interior surfaces of the droplet generator when the device is not made from hydrophobic materials. In this study, two approaches were investigated and shown to successfully form droplets in 3D-printed microfluidic devices. First, several printing resin candidates were tested to evaluate their suitability for droplet formation and material properties. We determined that a hexanediol diacrylate/lauryl acrylate (HDDA/LA) resin forms a solid polymer that is sufficiently hydrophobic to prevent aqueous droplets (in a continuous oil flow) from attaching to the device walls. The second approach uses a fully 3D annular channel-in-channel geometry to form microfluidic droplets that do not contact channel walls, and thus, this geometry can be used with hydrophilic resins. Stable droplets were shown to form using the channel-in-channel geometry, and the droplet size and generation frequency for this geometry were explored for various flow rates for the continuous and dispersed phases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

m, which facilitated our use of 10

m-thick printing layers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D-Printed Microfluidic Droplet Generator with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers

et al. 2021

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“…[22,23] In particular, diacrylate functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDA) is widely employed in photocurable resins for numerous bioapplications owing to high biocompatibility and nontoxicity. [24,25] In the application of 3D morphing technique, frontal photopolymerization (FPP) is one of the promising candidates for the rapid fabrication of shape-controlled polymeric 3D building units. [26][27][28] The programmability and biocompatibility of FPP employing PEGDA-based photocurable resin has been demonstrated in numerous research studies including fabrication of origami structures, [27,29,30] microfluidics, [31] and microparticles.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/admt202000758mentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable Building Blocks via Internal Stress Engineering for 3D Collective Assembly

Cho

Hahm

Yim

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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The collective assembly of finite building blocks can induce complicated scaled‐up architecture for structural diversity and multifunctionality. In this study, the concept of 2D to 3D shape morphing via frontal photopolymerization is employed for the rapid and repetitive fabrication of geometrically tailorable building blocks. The photoabsorber generates an internal stress gradient which induces a mismatch of volumetric shrinkage within a photocured monolithic 3D structure. The final 3D curvilinear architecture is investigated through systematic analysis by controlling the spatiotemporal conditions of 3D shape morphing. The spatiotemporal effect consists of pre/postcuring methods and geometry of the 2D patterns inspired by fractal elements including even/odd condition, spirality, and self‐similarity. Finally, the concept of collective assembly is introduced to construct multiple objective architectures. Each morphed structure contributes to the assembly of hierarchical 3D structures as a building block. Inspired by famous architectures, the collective hierarchical 3D structures are demonstrated by replicating the form of certain landmarks. In addition, scaled‐up assembled 3D structure can withstand 150 times of its own weight and can be applied for the frame of electronic devices. The collective assembly of programmable building blocks has the potential for various versatile applications in rapid prototypes of optical metamaterials, antennas, and curved electronic devices.

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Nanoporous, Gas Permeable PEGDA Ink for 3D Printing Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Devices

Karamzadeh,

Shen,

Shafique

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), commonly used in organ‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) systems, faces limitations in replicating complex geometries, hindering its effectiveness in creating 3D OoC models. In contrast, poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA‐250), favored for its fabrication ease and resistance to small molecule absorption, is increasingly used for 3D printing microfluidic devices. However, applications in cell culture have been limited due to poor cell adhesion. Here, a nanoporous PEGDA ink (P‐PEGDA) is introduced to enhance cell adhesion. P‐PEGDA is formulated with a porogen, photopolymerized, followed by the porogen removal. Utilizing P‐PEGDA, complex microstructures, and membranes as thin as 27 µm are 3D‐printed. Porogen concentrations from 10 to 30% are tested yielding constructs with increasing porosity and oxygen permeability surpassing PDMS, without compromising printing resolution. Tests across four cell lines show >80% cell viability, with a notable 77‐fold increase in MDA‐MB‐231 cell coverage on the porous scaffolds. Finally, an OoC model comprising a gyroid scaffold with a central opening filled with a cancer spheroid is introduced. This setup, after a 14 days co‐culture, demonstrates significant endothelial sprouting and integration within the spheroid. The P‐PEGDA formulation is suitable for high‐resolution 3D printing of constructs for 3D cell culture and OoC owing to its printability, gas permeability, biocompatibility, and cell adhesion.

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Biocompatible PEGDA Resin for 3D Printing

Cited by 98 publications

References 30 publications

3D-Printed Microfluidic Droplet Generator with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers

3D-Printed Microfluidic Droplet Generator with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers

Programmable Building Blocks via Internal Stress Engineering for 3D Collective Assembly

Nanoporous, Gas Permeable PEGDA Ink for 3D Printing Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Devices

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