Bioconcentration, biomagnification and metabolism of 14C-terbutryn and 14C-benzo[a]pyrene in Gammarus fossarum and Asellus aquaticus

Richter, Steffi; Nagel, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.08.002

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Elimination of some chemicals sometimes display biphasic profiles in aquatic organisms (Egeler et al 1997;Landrum and Scavia 1983;Muir et al 1982;Richter and Nagel 2007;Shaw and Connell 1987). Such profiles result from various mechanisms that include reduced elimination of metabolites or formation of bound residues.…”

Section: Bioaccumulation Of Pesticides and Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Brook et al (1996) gravimetrically examined the gut clearance rate in mayfly nymph, larval midge, and a freshwater worm, and reported 75%, 90%, and 100% depletion, respectively, during a 12-hr period. To evaluate the major uptake route and the contribution of metabolism, Richter and Nagel (2007) examined bioaccumulation via water uptake and dietary routes of terbutryn (130) and benzo[a]pyrene (7) in the amphipod Gammarus fossarum, and in the isopod Asellus aquaticus. Much higher BCF than BAF values were observed in all cases, which shows that water exposure is the main route of uptake.…”

Section: Dietary Routementioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Bioaccumulation Of Pesticides and Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Dietary Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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“…Fish were fed commercial fish pellets at about 1% body weight per day in two feedings. Terbutryn and simazine concentrations were checked daily by high performance liquid chromatography HPLC (Katsumata et al, 2005;Richter & Nagel, 2007). The experimental fish were exposed to terbutryn at the following concentrations in water: Group 1, 0.02 µg/L (reported environmental concentration in Czech rivers); Group 2, 0.2 µg/L; and Group 3, 2 µg/L.…”

Section: Triazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Pyrethroid and Triazine Pesticides on Fish Physiology

Velíšek¹,

Stará²,

Svobodová³

2011

Pesticides in the Modern World - Pests Control and Pesticides Exposure and Toxicity Assessment

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“…Hence, the calculated BCFs can be considered as a sum of parent compounds and those metabolites temporarily retained in fish. BCFs based on total radioactivity (BCF TOTAL ) and parent-specific BCFs (BCF PARENT ) have been directly compared for many substances, such as phthalates (Staples et al 1997) and benzo[a]pyrene (Spacie et al 1983;Richter and Nagel 2007). In rare situations, the radiolabeled part of the parent molecule may be incorporated into body tissue in the course of metabolism (Leppänen and Kukkonen 2000;Selck et al 2003).…”

Section: Interpretation Of Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems faced when evaluating the bioaccumulation potential of substances under REACH

Ehrlich

Jöhncke

Drost

et al. 2011

Integr Environ Assess Manag

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The identification and regulation of substances that combine persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity ("PBT" substances) is one central aspect of the European chemical legislation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals), because these substances may elicit adverse long-term effects after release to the environment. The determination of a substance that has persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity is based on a set of distinct cutoff criteria identified in Annex XIII of the REACH regulation. Regarding the bioaccumulation potential, the evaluation is focused on the substance's bioconcentration factor as single decisive criterion. In addition, the REACH guidelines provide a selection of standardized test procedures for measuring bioconcentration factor and guidance in appraising test results. However, alternative test results like bioaccumulation factors and biomagnification as well as additional indications for a bioaccumulation potential such as trophic magnification are only allowed for supporting evidence. The currently used test systems with aquatic exposure have been demonstrated to generate reliable results for the majority of neutral, lipophilic organic substances, which facilitate clear decision-making by means of the crucial bioconcentration factor cutoff criteria of Annex XIII. However, certain substance groups such as highly hydrophobic organic substances and amphiphilic and nonlipophilic compounds are difficult to evaluate with common test strategies due to inappropriate test systems or accumulation mechanisms not based on lipophilicity. Recent scientific progress has already been made to establish alternative test systems and to refine the bioaccumulation assessment by consideration of additive accumulation mechanisms and indications. This article gives an overview on actual shortcomings in the current bioaccumulation assessment under REACH and also provides suggestions for a refinement of evaluation.

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Bioconcentration, biomagnification and metabolism of 14C-terbutryn and 14C-benzo[a]pyrene in Gammarus fossarum and Asellus aquaticus

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

The Effects of Pyrethroid and Triazine Pesticides on Fish Physiology

Problems faced when evaluating the bioaccumulation potential of substances under REACH

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