Bioconcentration of 5,5?,6 -trichlorobiphenyl and pentachlorophenol in the midge, Chironomus riparius, as measured by a pharmacokinetic model

Lydy, M.J.; Hayton, William L.; Staubus, Alfred E.; Fisher, Susan W.

doi:10.1007/bf00224812

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, additional processes such as metabolic transformation (Cowan-Ellsberry et al 2008;Lydy et al 2000;Nuutinen et al 2003;Schuler et al 2003;van der Linde et al 2001), transfer to slowly exchangeable peripheral phases in organisms (Lydy et al 1994;Spacie and Hamelink 1982;Thybaud and Caquet 1991;Van Hattum and Cid Montanes 1999), and organism growth (Halling-Sørensen et al 2000;Skoglund et al 1996) may be important in some cases, as represented by the compartment model shown in Fig. 1b (Barron 1990;Del Vento and Dachs 2002;Looser et al 2000;.…”

Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid elimination from foot, followed by the slower one from the visceral mass, could account for the biphasic profiles. Lydy et al (1994) analyzed the uptake and elimination processes of pentachlorophenol (32) and 5,5 ,6-trichlorobiphenyl (TCB) in Chironomus riparius using a two-compartment model. The authors speculated that the exoskeleton is a central compartment, judging from its apparent volume, which was almost the same for both compounds.…”

Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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show abstract

“…In a preliminary experiment, zinc uptake proved linear over time for at least 8 h during exposure to a total concentration of 1.7 M. Therefore, accumulation of zinc was measured after 6 h of exposure. After exposure, the 50 individuals were collected on a sieve (250 m) and rinsed with a constant volume of deionized water of 50 ml to remove the radionuclide adsorbed on the outside surface [22,23]. In a preliminary experiment the effect of rinsing with deionized water was compared to rinsing with a solution of 1 mM of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid, a strong ligand that has been used to remove metals bound to the external surfaces of brine shrimp [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of Zinc by the Midge Larvae Chironomus Riparius at Different Salinities: Role of Speciation, Acclimation, and Calcium

Bervoets¹,

Blust²,

Verheyen³

1996

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-The uptake of zinc by the freshwater midge larvae Chironomus riparius was studied as a function of salinity. Fourth instar larvae were exposed to a salinity range up to 10‰ by diluting chemically defined seawater with chemically defined river water. The effect of prior acclimation at five different salinities on zinc uptake rate was examined. Solutions of different composition were tested to discriminate between the effect of the free zinc ion concentration, the free zinc ion activity, and the free calcium ion activity. Zinc uptake rate decreased with increasing salinity in all exposure solutions. Prior acclimation at salinities up to 10‰ did not influence zinc uptake rate. Changes in the free zinc ion activity explained most of the observed variation (58%). Changes in calcium ion activity had only a minor effect on zinc uptake (1%). Besides these effects the salinity of the exposure also influences the physiology of the larvae, altering zinc uptake when larvae are transferred from one salinity to another (6%). The combination of the different effects explained 65% of the total variation in zinc uptake by midge larvae. The remaining variation could not be explained by the experimental design and was attributed to natural variation in zinc uptake among midge larvae.

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Uptake of zinc by the midge larvae Chironomus riparius at different salinities: Role of speciation, acclimation, and calcium

Bervoets¹,

Verheyen²,

Blust³

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The uptake of zinc by the freshwater midge larvae Chironomus riparius was studied as a function of salinity. Fourth instar larvae were exposed to a salinity range up to 10‰ by diluting chemically defined seawater with chemically defined river water. The effect of prior acclimation at five different salinities on zinc uptake rate was examined. Solutions of different composition were tested to discriminate between the effect of the free zinc ion concentration, the free zinc ion activity, and the free calcium ion activity. Zinc uptake rate decreased with increasing salinity in all exposure solutions. Prior acclimation at salinities up to 10% did not influence zinc uptake rate. Changes in the free zinc ion activity explained most of the observed variation (58%). Changes in calcium ion activity had only a minor effect on zinc uptake (1%). Besides these effects the salinity of the exposure also influences the physiology of the larvae, altering zinc uptake when larvae are transferred from one salinity to another (6%). The combination of the different effects explained 65% of the total variation in zinc uptake by midge larvae. The remaining variation could not be explained by the experimental design and was attributed to natural variation in zinc uptake among midge larvae.

show abstract

Bioconcentration of 5,5?,6 -trichlorobiphenyl and pentachlorophenol in the midge, Chironomus riparius, as measured by a pharmacokinetic model

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Uptake of Zinc by the Midge Larvae Chironomus Riparius at Different Salinities: Role of Speciation, Acclimation, and Calcium

Uptake of zinc by the midge larvae Chironomus riparius at different salinities: Role of speciation, acclimation, and calcium

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