Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato

Abstract

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens causing tremendous losses in fresh fruit or vegetables. 3-Methylthio-1-propanol (3-MP) is a naturally occurring food-borne sulfide, which is mainly used to increase the flavor in food. However, the potential application of 3-MP in the postharvest phase to manage fruit fungal diseases has not been explored. In this study, the antifungal activity of 3-MP against B. cinerea was evaluated, and the possible mechanism involved was explored. In vitro 3-MP treatment could effectively inhibit the mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. 3-MP also impaired the spore viability and membrane integrity of B. cinerea as well as increased the leakage of nucleic acids, proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in B. cinerea. In vivo 3-MP fumigation treatment inhibited the infection of B. cinerea on tomato fruits. Also, the fruits with 3-MP fumigation treatment exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity, lower MDA content, and a significant delay of induction of the expression of most of the stress-related genes when compared to the control group. Moreover, a cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that 3-MP had no toxicity to normal cells in a certain concentration range. Collectively, our research results will provide evidence for the development of food-borne sulfide 3-MP as a fungicide in food and agriculture and will provide an important reference for the formulation of B. cinerea biocontrol strategies.

Potential Antifungal Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Fungicides against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum

“…These treatments were incubated for 4 h and then, the pellet was centrifuged at 4000× g for 20 min. The supernatant was used to measure the leakage of nucleic acids by the optical density at 260 nm (OD 260 ), according to Feng et al [ 49 ]. Also, the intracellular soluble protein content was determined through the Bradford assay [ 50 ].…”

2-Heptanol inhibits Botrytis cinerea by accelerating amino acid metabolism and retarding membrane transport

“…Recent research has highlighted the efficacy of bio-derived antifungal agents, deemed safe, in managing postharvest pathogens. Examples include magnolol ( Cui et al., 2021 ), 3-methylthio-1-propanol ( Feng et al., 2021 ), and curcumin ( Hua et al., 2019 ). 2-Heptanol (2-HE), a volatile organic compound (VOC) produced by a range of microorganisms, plants, and animals ( Du et al., 2022 ; Chang et al., 2023 ), is notable for its contribution to the aroma of gamma-aminobutyric acid white tea ( Li et al., 2023 ) and has been identified in Rubus coreanus fruits ( Yu et al., 2019 ), chicken sausages ( Ozkara et al., 2019 ), and strains of Aureobasidium pullulans ( Shi et al., 2023 ).…”