“…(Sun et al, 2012). Trichoderma is used as an excellent biocontrol agent for the management of different soil-borne pathogens in a wide range of environments (Haggag and Abd -El Latif, 2001;Shali et al, 2010;Yao et al, 2023) due to their variety of plant disease prevention strategies, which include mycoparasitism, nutrient competition, and hydrolytic enzyme antibiosis (Filizola et al, 2019;Mishra et al, 2023) and plant growth promotion (Harman et al, 2010;Ainhoa Martinez-Medina et al, 2014;Druzhinina et al, 2011;Tyskiewicz et al, 2022). Trichoderma species have antibiosis effects on plant pathogenic fungi via secretion of antagonistic secondary metabolites (Kottb et al, 2015;Izquierdo-García et al, 2020;Morán-Diez et al, 2020;Shobha et al, 2020;El-Hasan et al, 2022) including trichomycin, gelatinomycin, chlorotrichomycin, and antibacterial peptides (Maruyama et al, 2020).…”