Biocontrol of &lt;I&gt;sclerotium rolfsii&lt;/I&gt; Sacc. in peanut (&lt;I&gt;Arachis hypogaea&lt;/I&gt; L) by &lt;I&gt;Trichoderma harzianum&lt;/I&gt; Rifai in Malawi.

Khonga, E.B.; Kaunda, C C; Hillocks, R. J.

doi:10.4314/mjst.v4i1.18068

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…First, the non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains are not necessarily non-pathogenic, and they might still cause disease and yield loss. As broad-spectrum biocontrol agents, Trichoderma may also protect the plants from the attack of other plant pathogens in addition to A. flavus [58,77,78]. Finally, the indirect action of Trichoderma on the enhancement of plant resilience to drought stress and on the prevention of insect pest damages, both of which are factors facilitating aflatoxin occurrence [79], is one more point for consideration of Trichoderma in the context of A. flavus control and prevention of aflatoxin occurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Trichoderma spp. for Biocontrol of Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus

Ren

Branà

Haidukowski

et al. 2022

Toxins

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The inhibitory action of 20 antagonistic Trichoderma isolates against the aflatoxigenic isolate A. flavus ITEM 9 (Af-9) and their efficacy in reducing aflatoxin formation in vitro were examined. Production of metabolites with inhibitory effect by the Trichoderma isolates was also investigated. Antagonistic effect against Af-9 was assessed by inhibition of radial growth of the colonies and by fungal interactions in dual confrontation tests. A total of 8 out of 20 isolates resulted in a significant growth inhibition of 3-day-old cultures of Af-9, ranging from 13% to 65%. A total of 14 isolates reduced significantly the aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) content of 15-day-old Af-9 cultures; 4 were ineffective, and 2 increased AfB1. Reduction of AfB1 content was up to 84.9% and 71.1% in 7- and 15-day-old cultures, respectively. Since the inhibition of Af-9 growth by metabolites of Trichoderma was not necessarily associated with inhibition of AfB1 production and vice versa, we investigated the mechanism of reduction of AfB1 content at the molecular level by examining two strains: one (T60) that reduced both growth and mycotoxin content; and the other (T44) that reduced mycotoxin content but not Af-9 growth. The expression analyses for the two regulatory genes aflR and aflS, and the structural genes aflA, aflD, aflO and aflQ of the aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster indicated that neither strain was able to downregulate the aflatoxin synthesis, leading to the conclusion that the AfB1 content reduction by these Trichoderma strains was based on other mechanisms, such as enzyme degradation or complexation. Although further studies are envisaged to identify the metabolites involved in the biocontrol of A. flavus and prevention of aflatoxin accumulation, as well as for assessment of the efficacy under controlled and field conditions, Trichoderma spp. qualify as promising agents and possible alternative options to other biocontrol agents already in use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Trichoderma spp. for Biocontrol of Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus

Ren

Branà

Haidukowski

et al. 2022

Toxins

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High performance of Amazonian Trichoderma strains in the control of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in tomatoes

Cunha,

Netto,

Willerding

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Trichoderma genus is considered one of the most promising in the control of phytopathogens. The mechanisms of antagonism that are common among Trichoderma species are mycoparasitism and competition for space and nutrients. Some species also show antibiosis through the production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity, lytic enzymes and volatile compounds. Trichoderma species-mediated biocontrol can be exerted by indirect mechanisms such as induction of resistance. In the search for efficient isolates of Trichoderma spp. for the biological control of southern blight in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum), 33 isolates were evaluated for the Sclerotium rolfsii mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) via a dual culture method and for incidence of disease reduction in tomatoes (Yoshimatsu L-3 cultivar) under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was with five isolates that showed the best results in the biocontrol of southern blight, and these isolates were identified via phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequencing of the tef1-α gene. Three isolates completely inhibited the disease symptoms, namely, INPA 2473 (T. endophyticum), INPA 2951 (T. asperelloides) and INPA 2957 (T. rugulosum); while the T. asperellum isolates INPA 2959 and INPA 2961 reduced the disease incidence to 6.6 and 13.33%. Although all the isolates showed a mycelial growth inhibition rate of over 50%, curiously, the isolates with the best performance in the dual culture assays were not the best at controlling the disease under greenhouse conditions. In addition, this work reports new record of Trichoderma rugulosum in Brazil.

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Biocontrol of <I>sclerotium rolfsii</I> Sacc. in peanut (<I>Arachis hypogaea</I> L) by <I>Trichoderma harzianum</I> Rifai in Malawi.

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Potential of Trichoderma spp. for Biocontrol of Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus

Potential of Trichoderma spp. for Biocontrol of Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus

High performance of Amazonian Trichoderma strains in the control of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in tomatoes

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