“…This would also be an advantage to any host that stores pollen, and could help explain its presence in most of the social species in this analysis. Apilactobacillus increases individual resistance to a number of pathogens including Paenibacillus larvae (American foulbrood, Butler et al., 2013 ; Forsgren et al., 2010 ; Kačániová et al., 2020 ; Kiran et al., 2022 ), the microsporidian Nosema (Arredondo et al., 2018 ), fungal infection (Iorizzo et al., 2020 ) and Melissococcus plutonius (European foulbrood, Endo et al., 2012 ; Endo & Salminen, 2013 ; Vásquez et al., 2012 ; Zendo et al., 2020 ). It is also prevalent in the floral environment, suggesting an intuitive route for transmission between different bee species visiting the same flowers (Anderson et al., 2013 ; Tamarit et al., 2015 ).…”