Bioconversion of black rice and blueberry regulate immunity system through regulation of MAPKs, NF-kB in RAW264.7 macrophage cells

Abstract

Bioconversion can enhance the functionality of efficacy. We made bioconversion material with black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and blueberry (Vaccinium crymbosum L.), using Lactobacillus plantarum (call BB). In this study, BB investigated anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting effects through immune system control. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of BB in the presence and absence of LPS (Lipopolysaccharide). In the presence of LPS, the bioconversion material inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production from LPS in macrophages, inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), phosphorylation of mitogenactivated protein kinases (such as JNK, ERK and p-38) and reduced the secretion of cytokines Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). In the absence of LPS, BB exhibited an effect that was opposite of LPS stimulation. These data show that the effect was lower than that of LPS. In conclusion, BB suggested that anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting effects through the regulation of the immune system are multi-efficacy materials.

Black rice: A review from its history to chemical makeup to health advantages, nutritional properties and dietary uses

“…Due to its high nutritional content and other health advantages, the production and consumption of black rice are on the rise. Black rice has more antioxidants than blueberries (6).…”

Comprehensive resistance evaluation of 15 blueberry cultivars under high soil pH stress based on growth phenotype and physiological traits

“…Blueberry fruit has high levels of anthocyanins and other nutritional and healthcare-related functional substances that have strong antioxidant activity (Wu et al, 2022b). These substances can prevent cardiovascular disease (Cassidy et al, 2016), regulate immune ability (Kim et al, 2021), and intestinal microbial balance (Si et al, 2021), alleviate visual fatigue (Yao et al, 2015), and reduce blood glucose levels (Tian et al, 2021). These edible and health functions of blueberries have resulted in the continual expansion of their cultivation areas and scope globally (Wu et al, 2022a).…”

Antioxidant Effect via Bioconversion of Isoflavonoid in Astragalus membranaceus Fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG5276 In Vitro and In Vivo

“…Bioconversion is the conversion of organic materials from natural product by biological processes [6]. In the food industry, bioconversion is used to produce feed and energy using food waste, and to improve bioactivity and bioavailability [7,8].…”

“…Among the lactic acid bacteria used for bioconversion, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been used to convert flavonoid glycosides in Cudrania tricuspidata leaves into its aglycone, and to convert ginsenoside Rb2 and Rb3 in red ginseng to ginsenoside Rd [10,11]. It has also been reported that immune system regulation, whitening, and antioxidant activity of various natural products are enhanced through bioconversion using L. plantarum [6,12].…”