Biodegradability and ecotoxicitiy of tramadol, ranitidine, and their photoderivatives in the aquatic environment

Bergheim, Marlies; Gieré, Reto; Kümmerer, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s11356-011-0536-y

Cited by 73 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Several studies have reported the presence and ecotoxicity of various pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment (Crane et al 2006, Fent et al 2006, Bergheim et al 2012. These compounds may affect sensitive nontarget organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verapamil – L type voltage gated calcium channel inhibitor diminishes aggressive behavior in male Siamese fighting fish

Kania

Debski²,

Wrońska³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Verapamil is a L-type voltage gated calcium channels inhibitor (VGCCI), which is a highly prescribed drug used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia and cluster headaches. Its common use caused its appearance in water environment. VGCC inhibit epinephrine release and cause many neuro-hormonal changes influencing also fish behavior. Siamese fighting fish was chosen to study the influence of verapamil given to the water on the beginning of experiment in 3 different concentrations of 0 (control), 8 and 160 μg · L -1 , on aggressive behavior in these fish. The experimental fish were placed in individual glass containers for 3 weeks and the mirror test was used. The highest concentration led to a significant modulation of fish behavior after 1 week and the lower dose caused statistically significant behavioral changes after 2 weeks of verapamil treatment. Siamese fighting fish males exposed to verapamil had longer latencies to the first chase -12.6 s (8 μg · L -1 of verapamil) and 18.8 s (160 μg · L -1 of verapamil) compared to 5.6 s in the control group, decreased attack frequency and shorter duration of these attacks. The number of attacks within 10 min was decreased from 38.3 in the control group to 27.1 and 16.1, respectively. Also the total duration of these attacks decreased from 354.8 (control) to 326.4 (decrease statistically insignificant) and to 194.8 s in verapamil treated groups. It was shown, that even relatively low concentrations of verapamil in water may have adverse effects on fish and probably other living organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verapamil – L type voltage gated calcium channel inhibitor diminishes aggressive behavior in male Siamese fighting fish

Kania

Debski²,

Wrońska³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…[15] PECs were determined in accordance with the specifications of phase-I of the 'Guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use' recommended by the EMA and as described elsewhere. [15,16] Briefly, the PEC (phase-I) is based on the maximum daily dose consumed per inhabitant (data from Germany used in this study), which is meant to be a representation of the daily and actual consumption rate in a worst-case scenario. Furthermore, a factor for market penetration is used as another first and simple approach to represent the proportion of inhabitants being treated daily with the specific active compound.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalcitrant pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a comparative screening study of their occurrence, formation of phototransformation products and their in vitro toxicity

Bergheim¹,

Gminski²,

Spangenberg³

et al. 2014

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Many pharmaceuticals on the market have not undergone detailed evaluation for potential aquatic toxicity. We found that most tested pharmaceuticals were persistent, that phototransformation products were likely to be formed as a result of UV treatment of wastewater and that some transformation products were more toxic to bacteria than their precursor pharmaceutical compound. Thus UV treatment of wastewater does not seem appropriate to completely degrade or transform micropollutants into harmless compounds.Abstract. Data allowing for a complete environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and their photoderatives in the environment are still scarce. In the present study, in vitro toxicity and both bio-and photopersistence of various pharmaceuticals (aciclovir, allopurinol, cetirizine, cimetidine, fluconazole, hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, phenytoin, primidone, ranitidine, sotalol, sulpiride, tramadol and valsartane) as well as their phototransformation products were evaluated in order to fill data gaps and to help prioritise them for further testing. Twelve out of the fourteen compounds investigated were found to be neither readily nor inherently biodegradable in the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development-biodegradability tests. The study further demonstrates that the photo-induced transformation of the pharmaceuticals was faster upon irradiation with a Hg lamp (UV light) than with a Xe lamp emitting a spectrum that mimics sunlight. Comparing the non-irradiated with the respective irradiated solutions, a higher acute and chronic toxicity against bacteria was found for the irradiated solutions of seven compounds (cetirizine, cimetidine, hydrochlorothiazide, ranitidine, sulpiride, tramadol and valsartane). No cyto-and genotoxic effects were found in human cervical (HeLa) and liver (Hep-G2) cells for any of the investigated compounds or their phototransformation products. This comparative study documents that phototransformation products can arise as a result of UV treatment of wastewater containing these pharmaceuticals. It further demonstrates that some phototransformation products may have a higher environmental risk potential than the respective parent compounds because some phototransformation products exhibited a higher bacterial toxicity.

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“…Many of the PPCP biotransformation studies in the literature were carried out at higher concentrations than are commonly observed in the environment due to analytical sensi-tivity limitations, provision of the PPCP as the sole carbon and energy sources, and adherence to published biodegradation study protocols (e.g., Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] [11]). PPCP initial experimental concentrations greater than or equal to 1 mg liter Ϫ1 (even as high as 1.86 g liter Ϫ1 ) are not uncommon (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). But with the wide range of concentrations found in the environment typically being less than 1 g liter Ϫ1 , it is unclear whether studies at higher concentrations can be extrapolated to predict the fate of PPCPs at environmentally relevant concentrations accurately.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products during Water Recycling: Microbial Community Structure and Effects of Substrate Concentration

Onesios-Barry

Berry

Proescher

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been shown to be biotransformed in water treatment systems. However, little research exists on the effect of initial PPCP concentration on PPCP biotransformation or on the microbial communities treating impacted water. In this study, biological PPCP removal at various concentrations was assessed using laboratory columns inoculated with wastewater treatment plant effluent. Pyrosequencing was used to examine microbial communities in the columns and in soil from a soil aquifer treatment (SAT; a method of water treatment prior to reuse) site. Laboratory columns were supplied with different concentrations (0.25, 10, 100, or 1,000 g liter ؊1 ) of each of 15 PPCPs. Five PPCPs (4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol [biosol], p-chloro-m-xylenol, gemfibrozil, ketoprofen, and phenytoin) were not removed at any tested concentrations. Two PPCPs (naproxen and triclosan) exhibited removals independent of PPCP concentration. PPCP removal efficiencies were dependent on initial concentrations for biphenylol, p-chloro-m-cresol, chlorophene, diclofenac, 5-fluorouracil, ibuprofen, and valproic acid, showing that PPCP concentration can affect biotransformation. Biofilms from sand samples collected from the 0.25-and 10-g liter ؊1 PPCP columns were pyrosequenced along with SAT soil samples collected on three consecutive days of a wetting and drying cycle to enable comparison of these two communities exposed to PPCPs. SAT communities were similar to column communities in taxonomy and phylotype composition, and both were found to contain close relatives of known PPCP degraders. The efficiency of biological removal of PPCPs was found to be dependent on the concentration at which the contamination occurs for some, but not all, PPCPs.

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Biodegradability and ecotoxicitiy of tramadol, ranitidine, and their photoderivatives in the aquatic environment

Abstract: The study demonstrates that transformation products may have a higher environmental risk potential than the respective parent compounds.

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Verapamil – L type voltage gated calcium channel inhibitor diminishes aggressive behavior in male Siamese fighting fish

Verapamil – L type voltage gated calcium channel inhibitor diminishes aggressive behavior in male Siamese fighting fish

Recalcitrant pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a comparative screening study of their occurrence, formation of phototransformation products and their in vitro toxicity

Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products during Water Recycling: Microbial Community Structure and Effects of Substrate Concentration

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