Biodegradability of antineoplastic compounds in screening tests: influence of glucosidation and of stereochemistry

Kümmerer, Klaus; Al‐Ahmad, Ali; Bertram, Barbara; Wießler, Manfred

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00451-8

Cited by 103 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, in the long run, the biodegradability of pharmaceuticals should be included as a desirable property in the development of active compounds (Kümmerer et al 2000;Kümmerer 2007). For IF, such an alternative is under clinical trial (http://www.thresholdpharm.com/sec/ glufosfamide).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the cancer risk to humans resulting from the presence of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in surface water

Kümmerer

Al‐Ahmad

2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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CP and IF are carcinogens. With respect to newborn and children, reduction of the emission of CP and IF into effluent and surface water is recommended at least as a precautionary measure. The collection of unused and outdated drugs is a suitable measure. Collection of patients' excreta as a measure of input reduction is not recommended. Data suitable for the assessment of the risk for newborn and children should be collected in order to perform a risk assessment for these groups. This can stimulate discussion and give new insights into risk assessment for pharmaceuticals in the environment. Our study showed that in the long term, effective risk management for the reduction of the input of CP and IF are recommendable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the cancer risk to humans resulting from the presence of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in surface water

Kümmerer

Al‐Ahmad

2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Many of these drugs are designed to act via interactions with DNA function and cell signalling and thus may not affect only cancer cells but also normal dividing cells. Consequently, many of these drugs are genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and/or embryotoxic (Kummerer et al 2000;Christensen 1998;Besse et al 2012;Zounkova et al 2010;Brezovsek et al 2014;Parrella et al 2014Parrella et al , 2015 and upon unintentional exposure may be dangerous for humans as well as other organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of selected anti-cancer drugs on the induction of DNA double-strand breaks and changes in gene expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells

Novak

Žegura

Baebler

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In chemotherapy, various anti-cancer drugs with different mechanisms of action are used and may represent different risk of undesirable delayed side effects in treated patients as well as in occupationally exposed populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genotoxic potential of four widely used anti-cancer drugs with different mechanisms of action: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (ET) that cause cell death by targeting DNA function and imatinib mesylate (IM) that inhibits targeted protein kinases in cancer cells in an experimental model with human hepatoma HepG2 cells. After 24 h of exposure all four anti-cancer drugs at non-cytotoxic concentrations induced significant increase in formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), with IM being the least effective. The analysis of the changes in the expression of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (CDKN1A, GADD45A, MDM2), apoptosis (BAX, BCL2) and oncogenesis (MYC, JUN) showed that 5-FU, CDDP and ET upregulated the genes involved in DNA damage response, while the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 and oncogene MYC were downregulated. On the contrary, IM did not change the mRNA level of the studied genes, showing different mechanism of action that probably does not involve direct interaction with DNA processing. Genotoxic effects of the tested anti-cancer drugs were observed at their therapeutic concentrations that may consequently lead to increased risk for development of delayed adverse effects in patients. In addition, considering the genotoxic mechanism of action of 5-FU, CDDP and ET an increased risk can also not be excluded in occupationally exposed populations. The results also indicate that exposure to 5-FU, CDDP and ET represent a higher risk for delayed effects such as cancer, reproductive effects and heritable disease than exposure to IM.

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“…Yamagishi et al (1981Yamagishi et al ( , 1983) also reported the presence of nitro musks in wastewater. Kümmerer et al 2000 detected antineoplastics, carcinogenics, mutagenics, teratogenics, and fetotoxics pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples. Buser et al (1999) reported ibuprofen in wastewater and river water.…”

Section: Waste Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral xenobiotics bioaccumulations and environmental health prospectives

Hussain

ALOthman

Al–Warthan

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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The chiral xenobiotics are very dangerous for all of us due to the different enantioselective toxicities of the enantiomers. Besides, these have different enantioselective bioaccumulations and behaviors in our body and other organisms. It is of urgent need to understand the enantioselective bioaccumulations, toxicities, and the health hazards of the chiral xenobiotics. The present article describes the classification, sources of contamination, distribution, enantioselective bioaccumulation, and the toxicities of the chiral xenobiotics. Besides, the efforts are also made to discuss the prevention and remedial measures of the havoc of the chiral xenobiotics. The challenges of the chiral xenobiotics have also been highlighted. Finally, future prospectives are also discussed.

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Biodegradability of antineoplastic compounds in screening tests: influence of glucosidation and of stereochemistry

Cited by 103 publications

References 20 publications

Estimation of the cancer risk to humans resulting from the presence of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in surface water

Estimation of the cancer risk to humans resulting from the presence of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in surface water

Influence of selected anti-cancer drugs on the induction of DNA double-strand breaks and changes in gene expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells

Chiral xenobiotics bioaccumulations and environmental health prospectives

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