Biodegradable electrospun PLLA/chitosan membrane as guided tissue regeneration membrane for treating periodontitis

Abstract

This paper explores the application potential of a biodegradable PLLA/chitosan electrospun composite membrane for guided periodontal tissue regeneration which in addition serves as a fibroblast barrier. Electrospinning was applied to fabricate the PLLA membrane and aminolysis method was applied to graft chitosan on its surface. The morphology of the PLLA/chitosan membrane was observed by SEM. The surface chemical composition was analyzed by XPS. The appearance of N 1s peak in XPS demonstrated the successful grafting of chitosan on the PLLA electrospin membrane. After the modification, the water contact angle decreased from 136.9 ± 2.18°to 117.0 ± 2.10°, representing an improved hydrophilicity of the membrane. The bioactivity of the membrane was analyzed by XPS after soaking in SBF. The deposits had a Ca/P ratio of 1.6, indicating the hydroxyapatite formation on PLLA/chitosan membrane. The degradation rate was determined by measuring mass loss after immersion in PBS at different time periods. Compared to pure PLLA electrospun membrane which was almost nondegradable, the degradation rate of PLLA/chitosan composite membrane was up to 20 % in 6 weeks while maintaining its basic architecture to keep supporting the regenerated tissue. Live-dead cell staining of MC3T3 E1 cells cultured on the surface of the membrane showed a good biocompatibility of the PLLA/chitosan membrane. Furthermore, fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3 was cultured on surface of the membrane for the evaluation of cell penetration. The result demonstrated that the membrane worked as a fibroblast barrier to minimize the unfavorable effect of fibroblasts on periodontal tissue regeneration. Therefore, this electrospun PLLA/chitosan composite membrane has more potential for clinical application compared to old generation regeneration membrane with both suitable degradation rate and non-fibroblast penetration property.

Functionalized Asymmetric Poly (Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Composite Membrane for Guided Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

“…In our previous study, a PLA/chitosan membrane has been successfully fabricated and showed great potential to avoid fibroblast invasion which was an unfavorable side effect in periodontal regeneration [7]. Base on that research, we continue to improve the design to make it more suitable for the regeneration of both alveolar bone and gingiva tissue.…”

“…PLA is safe, while its degradation rate is relatively slow (more than 6 months) depending on the average molecular weight. However, according to our previous research, if mixed with other chemical, it was possible to adjust the degradation time to desired point by adjusting the proportion of the components in the mixture [7].…”

Heterogeneity of Scaffold Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering

“…Research has also shown it to have some efficacy with tissue regeneration in the setting of periodontitis [64]. To improve the bioactivity of chitosan, research has looked to modify the polymer through copolymerization.…”

Membranes for periodontal tissues regeneration

“…Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/collagen/hydroxyapatite Non Comercial [70] Poly(l-lactic acid)/chitosan Non Comercial [71] Polycaprolactone/ starch / calcium / silicon Non Comercial [43] Polycaprolactone/ calcium carbonate Non Comercial [50] Poly(e-caprolactone)/silica Non Comercial [42] Poly(trimethylene carbonate) Non Comercial [44] Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) BioMesh Samyang's, Daejeon, Korea [72] Poly(DL-lactic acid)/ Bioglass ® Non Comercial [49] Poly(DL-lactic acid) EpiGuide ® THM Biochemical, Inc., Duluth,MN,USA [73] Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) Resolut ® Gore-Tex Regenerative Material; W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA [27] Polylactic acid Guidor Matrix Barrier ® Guidor AB. Huddinge, Sweden [65] Other synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone or poly (trimethylene carbonate) were studied for GTR.…”