Biodegradable glycerol-based polymeric composites filled with industrial waste materials

Abstract

The aim of this work was preparation and investigation of the polymeric composites from naturally occurring materials with the properties similar to those of conventional polymer composites and which can degrade to harmless substances after use. The other target of this work was to estimate the applicability of industrial waste materials as fillers in the polymeric composites and thus to offer a potential exploitation of biodegradable waste materials as an alternative to disposal. In this study, the polymeric composites were prepared by photopolymerization of glycerol diglycidyl ether and different industrial waste materials (rapeseed cake, phosphogypsum and horn meal) using a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonates as photoinitiator. The effect of the amount and nature of the industrial waste materials on the kinetics of photopolymerization, values of contact angle and surface free energy, mechanical, thermal, rheological properties, swelling in water and biodegradability of the polymeric composites was studied. The incorporation of the selected industrial waste fillers into glycerol-based polymeric composites increased swelling in water, adhesiveness, biodegradability and reduced Young modulus values.

Photocuring and digital light processing 3D printing of vitrimer composed of 2-hydroxy-2-phenoxypropyl acrylate and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil

“…Biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats generates approximately 10% (w/w) of glycerol as the main byproduct, which has been used as a starting material for the synthesis of various glycerol-based mono mers [18]. Glycerol is a low volatile, non-toxic, hygroscopic monomer compatible with a wide range of materials, miscible monomer with plasticizing effect [19] and has even been used to produce biodegradable plastics already [20][21][22], which is attractive for vitrimer synthesis. Commercially available glycerolbased monomers, such as 2-hydroxy-2-phenoxypropyl acrylate (HPPA), glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate, 3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, have been used for the synthesis of vitrimers by optical 3D printing since they have hydroxyl and ester groups which are essential for transesterification reactions [15-17, 23, 24].…”

UV protective bio-based epoxy/carbon quantum dots nanocomposite coatings: Synthesis and investigation of properties

“…12,13 Castor oil as an unsaturated fatty acid and a source of ricinoleic acid (85-95%) has hydroxyl groups in its chemical structure that this results in an optimal reaction between this herbal oil and kinds of chemical groups; it could be a good alternative for some organic compounds derived from petroleum. [14][15][16] CQDs are zero-dimensional carbon nanoparticles with less than 10 nm diameter. 17 CQDs could be synthesized through oxidation of carbon resources such as Pyrene, Fullerene, black carbon, graphite, citric acid, starch and suchlike by various methods including acid oxidation, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted pyrolysis and electrochemistry.…”

Photocurable Glycerol- and Vanillin-Based Resins for the Synthesis of Vitrimers

“…Furthermore, HPPA has a fragment of glycerol, which is the main component of triglycerides, found in animal fat, vegetable oil, or crude oil . Glycerol can be derived from biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats and has even been used for the production of biodegradable plastics already. − 2-Hydroxy-3-[[4-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)­oxy]­propoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]­methoxy]­propyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate (DGEVA dimethacrylate, DGEVADMA) was chosen as a cross-linker due to hydroxyl and ester functional groups and is reported here for the first time in UV-curable resins for vitrimer synthesis. DGEVA dimethacrylate can be a good alternative to the most widely used cross-linker with the bisphenol A fragment as it has a vanillin-based backbone with high rigidity and thermal stability .…”