Biodegradable hematite depressants for green flotation separation – An overview

Neisiani, Ali Asimi; Saneie, Roozbeh; Mohammadzadeh, Ali; Wonyen, D.G.; Chelgani, S. Chehreh

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2023.108114

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…A strong non-electrostatic or chemical contact may cause the substantial adsorption of tannin molecules onto hematite particles. On the other hand, its adsorption on quartz particles is mostly physical 9 . It has been stated that tannin may selectively depress hematite by more than 90% with a minimal impact of only 8% on quartz floatability 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starch and tannin are the most known biodegradable iron oxide depressants which markedly used on the industrial scale. It was reported that these polyphenolic (tannin) 8 and polysaccharide (starch) depressants could depress iron oxides through various adsorption mechanisms and render hematite surface charge more negative and reduce their surface potential for collector adsorption 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quartz was selected since silicates are a prevalent gangue phase in iron oxide deposits 13 . It was reported that these biodegradable depressants, as macromolecular polymers, can bind particles together and flocculate them; therefore, their flocculation capabilities should be assessed through ultrafine particle processing 9 . Thus, the main aim of this investigation is to explore the process mechanisms of these two biodegradable depressants and compare their efficiency based on the minerals’ floatability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Starch vs. tannin as biodegradable reagents for ultrafine hematite depression

Kordloo,

Rahmanian,

Mohammadzadeh

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Enrichment of ultrafine liberated valuable minerals from their associated gangue phases is one of the emerging investigation topics within mineral processing and recycling. Using green flotation reagents and turning processes into eco-friendly systems is also one of the challenges in the green transition of ore beneficiation plants. Starch and Tanin as biodegradable depressants for hematite depression have been commercially used in various iron ore processing plants. However, their depression effects on ultrafine particles were not systemically assessed and compared. To fill this gap, this investigation examined the effects of starch, tannin, their mixtures (different ratios), and their different conditioning sequence on the floatability of ultrafine quartz and hematite (− 15 µm). Since the macromolecular polymer of these biodegradable depressants can bind particles together and flocculate them, turbidity analyses were used to assess their optimum ratio for hematite depression without affecting quartz floatability. Turbidity analyses provided a mixture of tannin and starch might enhance the flotation separation of quartz from hematite. Starch could flocculate ultrafine hematite particles, while tannin could disperse ultrafine quartz particles. Floatability experiments indicated that starch had the highest performance in hematite depression (lowest effect on quartz particles) compared to other conditions. Surface analyses (zeta potential and FTIR) proved floatability outcomes and highlighted starch had stronger adsorption on the hematite surface than tannin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Starch vs. tannin as biodegradable reagents for ultrafine hematite depression

Kordloo,

Rahmanian,

Mohammadzadeh

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…The large consumption of starch in concentration units is a factor that contributes to cost increases. Thus, the criteria for the selection of the depressant should consider, in addition to performance, the price, availability, toxicity, biodegradability, ore characteristics, and interaction with the collector (Farid et al, 2024;Neisiani et al, 2023;El-Bahi et al, 2023;Moreira, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of residual potato starch as depressant in the direct anionic flotation of phosphate ore

Carneiro,

Santos,

Alves

et al. 2024

R. G. Secr.

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The search for environmentally friendly reagents with high efficiency, high selectivity, and low cost has intensified in the mining sector in recent years. The use of depressants from alternative and renewable sources is an option to be considered. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of residual potato starch pulp (RPSP) generated by the food industry as a depressant in phosphate ore flotation by comparing its performance with that of commercial, waxy corn starch (CWCS), rich in amylopectin. To this end, eight flotation tests were performed in duplicate using the Denver mechanical cell. The results showed significant variations for flotation in the collector dosage and starch-type parameters. The increase from 150 to 350 g/t in the collector dosage promoted an approximately 18% increase in metallurgical recovery using 500 g/t of RPSP starch (an increase from 73.09% to 86.16%). The response optimization statistical tool showed that RPSP and collector dosages should be 500 and 226.77 g/t, respectively, to maximize the P2O5 content and metallurgical recovery. These results suggest that it is feasible to use RPSP in phosphate ore flotation, opening new fields of investigation regarding the use of more accessible and economical depressants.

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“…Zhang et al used TA in the separation of calcium-bearing minerals and found that TA selectively depressed calcite flotation from fluorite when TA was added before sodium oleate . Besides, many literature studies also used tannins as depressants for iron-containing minerals including hematite, pyrite, marmatite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, etc. – One important reason was a strong complexation interaction between metallic iron and tannins (Fe–TA) so that tannins can adsorb onto the surface of these minerals. However, the detailed adsorption process was not revealed clearly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization and Mechanisms of Tannic Acid as a Depressant for Chalcopyrite and Pyrite Separation

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Current flotation practices using lime or cyanide as depressants in chalcopyrite and pyrite separation have significant disadvantages, such as substantial reagent consumption, high slurry pH, and environmental hazards. This work aimed to explore the utilization and mechanisms of tannic acid (TA) as an eco-friendly alternative to lime or cyanide in chalcopyrite–pyrite separation. Flotation results showed that TA selectively depressed pyrite yet allowed chalcopyrite to float at neutral or alkaline pH. Adsorption density and zeta potential results indicated that TA adsorbed intensely on pyrite but minorly on chalcopyrite. Besides, potassium ethyl xanthate was still largely adsorbed on chalcopyrite but not on pyrite after TA adsorption. Surface analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further showed that the oxidation species of FeOOH and Fe2 (SO4)3, particularly FeOOH were the main active sites for TA chemical adsorption. Owing to the greater and faster oxidation of pyrite, more FeOOH and Fe2 (SO4)3 were generated on the pyrite surface, and the chemical adsorption of TA was more pronounced on the pyrite surface than on the chalcopyrite surface.

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Biodegradable hematite depressants for green flotation separation – An overview

Cited by 14 publications

References 154 publications

Starch vs. tannin as biodegradable reagents for ultrafine hematite depression

Starch vs. tannin as biodegradable reagents for ultrafine hematite depression

Performance of residual potato starch as depressant in the direct anionic flotation of phosphate ore

Utilization and Mechanisms of Tannic Acid as a Depressant for Chalcopyrite and Pyrite Separation

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