Biodegradable nanogels for oral delivery of interferon for norovirus infection

Kim, Yun-Jeong; Thapa, Mahendra; Hua, Duy H.; Chang, Kyeong‐Ok

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.11.016

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of new antiviral approaches has been limited due to the inability of human noroviruses to complete a productive infection in cell culture 3 . The recent isolation of a murine norovirus (MNV), closely related to human norovirus 4 but which can be propagated in cells 5 has opened new avenues for the investigation of these pathogens 6,7 .MNV replication results in the synthesis of new positive sense genomic and subgenomic RNA molecules, the latter of which corresponds to the last third of the viral genome (Figure 1). MNV contains four different open reading frames (ORFs), of which ORF1 occupies most of the genome and encodes seven non-structural proteins (NS1-7) released from a polyprotein precursor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent isolation of a murine norovirus (MNV), closely related to human norovirus 4 but which can be propagated in cells 5 has opened new avenues for the investigation of these pathogens 6,7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reverse Genetics Mediated Recovery of Infectious Murine Norovirus

Arias

Ureña

Thorne

et al. 2012

JoVE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human noroviruses are responsible for most cases of human gastroenteritis (GE) worldwide and are recurrent problem in environments where close person-to-person contact cannot be avoided 1,2 . During the last few years an increase in the incidence of outbreaks in hospitals has been reported, causing significant disruptions to their operational capacity as well as large economic losses. The identification of new antiviral approaches has been limited due to the inability of human noroviruses to complete a productive infection in cell culture 3 . The recent isolation of a murine norovirus (MNV), closely related to human norovirus 4 but which can be propagated in cells 5 has opened new avenues for the investigation of these pathogens 6,7 .MNV replication results in the synthesis of new positive sense genomic and subgenomic RNA molecules, the latter of which corresponds to the last third of the viral genome (Figure 1). MNV contains four different open reading frames (ORFs), of which ORF1 occupies most of the genome and encodes seven non-structural proteins (NS1-7) released from a polyprotein precursor. ORF2 and ORF3 are contained within the subgenomic RNA region and encode the capsid proteins (VP1 and VP2, respectively) ( Figure 1). Recently, we have identified that additional ORF4 overlapping ORF2 but in a different reading frame is functional and encodes for a mitochondrial localised virulence factor (VF1) 8 .Replication for positive sense RNA viruses, including noroviruses, takes place in the cytoplasm resulting in the synthesis of new uncapped RNA genomes. To promote viral translation, viruses exploit different strategies aimed at recruiting the cellular protein synthesis machinery [9][10][11] . Interestingly, norovirus translation is driven by the multifunctional viral protein-primer VPg covalently linked to the 5' end of both genomic and subgenomic RNAs [12][13][14] . This sophisticated mechanism of translation is likely to be a major factor in the limited efficiency of viral recovery by conventional reverse genetics approaches.Here we report two different strategies based on the generation of murine norovirus-1 (referred to as MNV herewith) transcripts capped at the 5' end. One of the methods involves both in vitro synthesis and capping of viral RNA, whereas the second approach entails the transcription of MNV cDNA in cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. The availability of these reverse genetics systems for the study of MNV and a small animal model has provided an unprecedented ability to dissect the role of viral sequences in replication and pathogenesis [15][16][17] . Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/4145/ Protocol RNA Transcription and Capping for The Recovery of Infectious MNVThis protocol is designed to allow the efficient recovery of infectious MNV from cDNA via in vitro transcription and its subsequent in vitro capping (section 1.1). The resulting capped transcripts are then transfected into cells to recover infectious MNV (sections 1.2 and ...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reverse Genetics Mediated Recovery of Infectious Murine Norovirus

Arias

Ureña

Thorne

et al. 2012

JoVE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As part of an ongoing program aimed at discovering novel norovirus inhibitors, a subset of compounds from a pharmacologically-rich in-house library of compounds (~2,000 compounds) encompassing an array of peptidomimetics characterized by high structural diversity, drug-like characteristics, and high synthetic tractability was screened using a cell-based replicon system (HG23 cells containing Norwalk virus [NV] replication unit), 4–7 leading to the identification of several hits 8 whose structures shared in common the cyclosulfamide scaffold (I), a robust and versatile core structure that embodies multiple points of diversity (Figure 1). The structural motif embodied in the sulfamide moiety is known to promote enhanced binding, increased aqueous solubility, and better bioavailability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent inhibition of Norwalk virus by cyclic sulfamide derivatives

Dou

Tiew

et al. 2011

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In order to gain insight and understanding into the binding of epimers A (α-OH)) and B (β-OH), molecular mechanics simulations using the Avogadro program 32 (MMFF94 potentials and electrostatics 33 were used to qualitatively assess the relative affinities of compounds A and B (Figure 2). To accomplish this, the receptor model was crafted using a recent crystal structure of NV 3C protease with a bound peptidic ligand 17 by removing water molecules and adding protons (per physiological pH) using the PyMol program.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%