Biodegradación de hidrocarburos alifáticos saturados por microorganismos aislados de suelo contaminado con derivados del petróleo

Abstract

Los derrames de petróleo y sus derivados producen fuertes impactos en el equilibrio de los ecosistemas, ya que no sólo arrasan con su biodiversidad, sino que dejan graves consecuencias que dificultan su capacidad de resiliencia. Se ha reportado que microorganismos de zonas contaminadas con hidrocarburos desarrollan habilidades para la degradación de estos contaminantes. Con el propósito de determinar la capacidad de microorganismos nativos de suelo contaminado con petróleo para degradar el queroseno, se seleccionaron dos cepas de microorganismos previamente aisladas de un suelo expuesto a derivados del petróleo, que mostraron tolerancia al contaminante, mediante pruebas de concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI). Las cepas seleccionadas se evaluaron mediante bioensayos de remoción de hidrocarburos alifáticos saturados (n-alcanos de C-10 a C-16) que fueron analizados por comparación de abundancias relativas usando un cromatógrafo de gases-masas (GC-MS). Los microorganismos se identificaron como Candida metapsilosis SH1 y Burkholderia cepacia SH3, con tolerancia a concentraciones mayores del 10% de queroseno y capacidad de biodegradación selectiva de hidrocarburos de cadenas largas, causando fraccionamiento correlacionado con el aumento de hidrocarburos de cadenas cortas (C10 a C12). Estos resultados evidencian aplicaciones promisorias de los microorganismos analizados para mitigar la contaminación de sitios afectados por hidrocarburos.

Assessing Diesel Tolerance of Chromobacterium violaceum: Insights from Growth Kinetics, Substrate Utilization, and Implications for Microbial Adaptation

“…44 These mechanisms include reducing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane to increase rigidity, altering the cis/trans conformation of phospholipids, and modifying exclusion systems akin to those used by bacteria for antibiotic resistance. 90 The structural complexity of the cell wall, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria like C. violaceum, is crucial for diesel tolerance. In the work by Babalola et al, 85 Gram-negative organisms exhibited greater tolerance to crude oil and diesel toxicity compared to Gram-positive isolates.…”

“… 44 These mechanisms include reducing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane to increase rigidity, altering the cis/trans conformation of phospholipids, and modifying exclusion systems akin to those used by bacteria for antibiotic resistance. 90 …”

“…The ability of certain bacteria to tolerate high hydrocarbon concentrations is attributed to mechanisms they develop to maintain the integrity of their cell membranes amid a substantial flow of hydrocarbons . These mechanisms include reducing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane to increase rigidity, altering the cis/trans conformation of phospholipids, and modifying exclusion systems akin to those used by bacteria for antibiotic resistance …”

Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in Colombia: systematic review

“… Tar Pardo-Díaz et al ( 2017 ) Castilla la Nueva y Apiay Meta Original article Soils Direct isolation/Strains were identified by 16S rRNA Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas putida , Achromobacter sp. Petroleum Delgado-Vallejo ( 2017 ) Medellín Antioquia Master’s thesis Soils No data available Degrading bacteria Petroleum Ordoñez-Burbano et al ( 2018 ) Cali Valle del Cauca Original article Soils Direct isolation/ BBL CRYSTAL™ Burkholderia cepacia Kerosene Doria-Argumedo ( 2018 ) Rioacha La Guajira Original article Soils Direct isolation Pseudomonas spp ., Acinetobacter spp . , Bacillus spp .…”

Colombian Fungal Diversity: Untapped Potential for Diverse Applications

“…Of the 173 yeast species reported in the country, 114 species belong to Ascomycota, while 56 are Basidiomycota. Most yeast reports are from natural environments and from products such as fermented fruits, fermented beverages, soils surrounding sugarcane crops, and soils contaminated with hydrocarbons [14][15][16][17].…”