Biodegradation behaviour of natural rubber composites reinforced with natural resource fillers – monitoring by soil burial test

Sareena, C.; Sreejith, M.; Ramesan, M. T.; Purushothaman, E.

doi:10.1177/0731684413515954

Cited by 56 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Biopolymers obtained from renewable resources have been the center of public interest by virtue of their unique environmental and commercial advantages. The most common natural polymers are starch, cellulose, and chitosan, which were intensely researched alone or combined with synthetic polymers or with inorganic particles to get fully or partially biodegradable material . These polymers are suitable in many commodities and in various applications such as surgical implants, artificial sensors drug delivery system, and biomedical engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and properties of cashew gum graft poly(acrylamide)/magnetite nanocomposites

Ramesan

Surya

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Graft copolymer nanocomposites based on cashew gum and poly(acrylamide) with different concentrations of nano‐iron‐oxide particles (Fe3O4) have been prepared by an in situ polymerization method. The characterization of graft copolymer composite was carried out by FTIR, UV, XRD, SEM, DSC, and TGA, electrical conductivity, and magnetic property [vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM)] measurements. The shift in the spectrum of UV and FTIR peaks shows the intermolecular interaction between metal oxide nanoparticles and the graft copolymer system. The spherically shaped particles observed from the SEM images clearly indicating the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles within the graft copolymer chain. The XRD studies revealed that the amorphous nature of the graft copolymer decreases by the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The glass transition temperature studied from DSC increases with increase in concentration of metal oxide nanoparticles. Thermal stability of composite was higher than the pure graft copolymer and thermal stability increases with increase in content of nanoparticles. Electrical properties such as AC conductivity and dielectric properties of the composites increased with increase in concentration of metal oxide nanoparticles. The magnetic property of graft copolymer nanocomposites shows ferromagnetic and supermagnetism and the saturation of magnetism linearly increased with increasing the Fe3O4 content in the polymer composite. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43496.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and properties of cashew gum graft poly(acrylamide)/magnetite nanocomposites

Ramesan

Surya

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The samples were exposed to soil burial for 6 months. The microorganisms' attacks on the surface of the matrix led to surface roughness and the loss of the matrix and the filler (Sareena and Purushothaman 2014). The holes represent cavities in the composite structure that the filler formerly occupied.…”

Section: Morphological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling Agent

Daud¹,

Ismail²,

Bakar³

2016

BioResources

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Palm kernel shell (PKS) was incorporated into natural rubber composites at loadings ranging from 0 to 20 phr using a laboratory-size two-roll mill. A soil burial study of the PKS-filled NR composites as a function of filler loading and silane coupling agent incorporation was then conducted over a period of six months. The degraded composites were evaluated by means of tensile testing. To study the degradation of the composites after soil burial, their morphological properties were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Prior to the soil burial tests, as the PKS filler loading increased, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites both with and without the silane coupling agent decreased, while the tensile moduli (M100 and M300) increased. At identical filler loading values, the NR/PKS composites with the incorporated silane coupling agent exhibited better tensile properties than the NR/PKS composites without the silane. Following the soil burial tests, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and the tensile moduli (M100 and M300) all decreased because of microbial attacks on the composites. The addition of silane enhanced the retention of the tensile properties of the NR/PKS composites after soil burial because of the improved adhesion at the fillerrubber matrix interface.

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“…Scientific effort has been done to modify the mechanical properties of natural rubber without vulcanization. Many composite formulations have been studied using clays [26] and natural fibers [27].…”

Section: Natural Rubbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased fibers and materials in Brazil

Valadares

2014

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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The human evolution is directly associated to the use of materials. During the last century, humanity had significant development powered by the use of fossil resources, which largely impacted the materials discovery and use. However, there are many concerns about the use of fossils, based mainly on economic and environmental issues. These concerns motivate the study, development, and use of renewable resources, including biobased materials. Brazil is one of the largest producers of agricultural commodities, which can be used to produce renewable materials. This review describes actual production of some renewable materials in Brazil and future possibilities to generate them using biomass residual streams of industrial processes.

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Biodegradation behaviour of natural rubber composites reinforced with natural resource fillers – monitoring by soil burial test

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Synthesis, characterization, and properties of cashew gum graft poly(acrylamide)/magnetite nanocomposites

Synthesis, characterization, and properties of cashew gum graft poly(acrylamide)/magnetite nanocomposites

Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling Agent

Biobased fibers and materials in Brazil

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