Biodegradation of 3-chlorobenzoate and formation of black color in the presence and absence of benzoate

Haller, Helen D.; Finn, R. K.

doi:10.1007/bf00506183

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A similar result was observed with recombinant cells but at the 0.30 h À1 dilution rate. The decrease in the degradation rate as dilution rate increased could be due to the toxicity of 2-CBA, which requires a prolonged incubation time for complete degradation, accumulation of toxic metabolites of 2-CBA, such as acyl chlorides (Bartels et al, 1984), a strong decrease in respiration (Haller and Finn, 1979), or a decrease in induction of oxygenases, such as catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, required for 2-CBA metabolism (Shaler and Klecka, 1986;Viliesid and Lilly, 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enhanced kinetics of genetically engineered Burkholderia cepacia: the role of vgb in the hypoxic metabolism of 2‐CBA

Urgun‐Demirtas

Pagilla

Stark

2004

Biotech & Bioengineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Application of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) technology to 2-CBA degradation by Burkholderia cepacia strain DNT under hypoxic conditions was studied in continuous culture chemostats. Dechlorination abilities of both recombinant (VHb gene (vgb) containing) and untransformed cells were investigated at various dilution rates to ensure complete degradation of 2-CBA. As the dilution rate increased from 0.025 to 0.25 h(-1), the ratios of chloride release to degraded 2-CBA concentration decreased from 0.95 to 0.72 and from 0.89 to 0.39 for recombinant and untransformed cells, respectively. A nonstoichiometric relationship between chloride release and 2-CBA degradation was more pronounced for untransformed cells. Recombinant cell densities were 0.1-0.2. g L(-1) greater than untransformed cell densities for a range of dilution rates. As the dilution rate increased, the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and the substrate utilization rate (SUR) decreased for both strains. The OUR/SUR ratio increased as the dilution rate increased for both strains but was much higher for the recombinant strain compared to untransformed cells. The specific 2-CBA degradation rate of recombinant cells was greater than that of untransformed cells (1.17 vs. 0.46 mg CBA (mg) day(-1), and half-saturation constants for recombinant cells were lower than those of untransformed cells (0.18 and 0.32 mg CBA L(-1), respectively). The pseudo-first-order degradation constants, k(1CBA) and k(1ACE), were higher for recombinant cells (6.5 L (mg cells)(-1) day(-1) and 95.6 L (mg cells)(-1) day(-1), respectively) than those of untransformed cells (1.44 L (mg cells)(-1) day(-1) and 73.7 L (mg cells)(-1) day(-1), respectively).

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enhanced kinetics of genetically engineered Burkholderia cepacia: the role of vgb in the hypoxic metabolism of 2‐CBA

Urgun‐Demirtas

Pagilla

Stark

2004

Biotech & Bioengineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…strain A3 at low oxygen concentrations points towards oxidative polymerisation of chlorinated catechols, as shown before for other Pseudomonas spp. [13,42,43]. Polymerisation of the chlorocatechols may reduce the concentration of chlorocatechol available for the growth of Pseudomonas sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B13 [20]. Haller and Finn [13] reported a decreased respiration of 3CBA by Pseudomonas sp. H1 and Pseudomonas sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition for oxygen and 3-chlorobenzoate between two aerobic bacteria using different degradation pathways

Krooneman

1998

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In nature a significant part of the microbial activity is concentrated at or near oxic/anoxic interfaces, where oxygen concentrations are often low. Bacteria possessing different kinetic characteristics for oxygen and employing distinct metabolic pathways for the degradation of (halo)aromatic substrates for which oxygen is needed as co-substrate may have to compete with each other in such environments. In this study the competitiveness of Pseudomonas sp. strain A3 relative to Alcaligenes sp. strain L6 was tested in batch and in continuous cultures. While both of these strains are able to metabolise 3-chlorobenzoate (3CBA), the former was isolated under air saturating conditions and employs the catechol pathway, whereas the latter was isolated under reduced partial pressures of oxygen and was capable of metabolising 3CBA via the gentisate pathway. Competition experiments in batch culture resulted in pure cultures of Pseudomonas sp. strain A3 under air saturating conditions. However, if reduced partial pressures of oxygen (2%) were used, Alcaligenes sp. strain L6 remained present in substantial numbers after three transfers. Continuous culture experiments demonstrated that Alcaligenes sp. strain L6 was able to outcompete Pseudomonas sp. strain A3 under oxygen-as well as under carbon-limiting conditions as long as the dilution rate remained below 0.136 h 3I (low oxygen) and below 0.178 h 3I (high oxygen). These results support the hypothesis that organisms metabolising chlorobenzoate via the gentisate pathway may play a significant role in natural ecosystems where xenobiotic compounds and naturally produced aromatics occur at very low concentrations and in combination with limiting oxygen tensions. z

show abstract

“…Additionally, isolates did not require extensive periods of adaptation to develop activity. Since the majority of our global isolates could only partially transform 3-CBA in medium A (as indicated by the accumulation of metabolic intermediates), we concluded that while 3-CBA transformation is common in soil, the predominant enzymes expressed by individual strains for chloroaromatic metabolism either lack enzyme specificity or the pathways are incomplete; thus, they are inadequate for efficient dechlorination and complete mineralization (18). Since soils were selected because they did not have a documented history of exposure to anthropogenic chloroaromatics, these results were not biased by enrichment of metabolic specialists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Probing the Functional Diversity of Global Pristine Soil Communities with 3-Chlorobenzoate Reveals that Communities of Generalists Dominate Catabolic Transformation

Rhodes¹,

Fulthorpe

Tiedje

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

cUnderstanding of functional diversity of microbial populations has lagged description of their molecular diversity. Differences in substrate specificity, kinetics, products, and regulation can dramatically influence phenotypic variation among closely related strains, features that are missed when the strains studied are the fastest-growing and most easily isolated from serial enrichments. To investigate the broader bacterial diversity underlying degradation of anthropogenic chemicals in nature, we studied the 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA) degradation rate in a collection of aerobic 3-CBA degraders previously isolated from undisturbed soils in two representative ecosystems: (i) Mediterranean sclerophyllous woodlands in California, Chile, South Africa, and Australia and (ii) boreal forests in Canada and Russia. The majority of isolates degraded 3-CBA slowly and did not completely mineralize 1.0 mM 3-CBA within 1 week. Those with intermediate degradation rates had incomplete degradation pathways and produced colored intermediates indicative of chlorocatechol, a product likely metabolized by other members of the community. About 10% of the isolates grew rapidly and mineralized greater than 90% of the 3-CBA, but because of population heterogeneity in soil, they are likely not large contributors to a soil's total transformation capacity. This suggests that xenobiotic degradation in nature is carried out by a community of cometabolic generalists and not by the efficient specialists that have been traditionally studied in the laboratory. A subset of 58 genotypically distinct strains able to degrade >80% of the 3-CBA was examined for their catabolic versatility using 45 different compounds: mono-and dichlorinated benzoates, phenols, anilines, toluenes, nitrobenzenes, chlorobenzenes, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The isolates degraded from 2 to more than 30 compounds with a median of 7, but there was no correlation to habitat of isolation or 3-CBA activity. However, these findings were indicative of finer-scale functional diversity.

show abstract

Biodegradation of 3-chlorobenzoate and formation of black color in the presence and absence of benzoate

Cited by 53 publications

References 24 publications

Enhanced kinetics of genetically engineered Burkholderia cepacia: the role of vgb in the hypoxic metabolism of 2‐CBA

Enhanced kinetics of genetically engineered Burkholderia cepacia: the role of vgb in the hypoxic metabolism of 2‐CBA

Competition for oxygen and 3-chlorobenzoate between two aerobic bacteria using different degradation pathways

Probing the Functional Diversity of Global Pristine Soil Communities with 3-Chlorobenzoate Reveals that Communities of Generalists Dominate Catabolic Transformation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About