Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B₁ in Peanut Oil by an Amphipathic Laccase–Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflower

Abstract

Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) contamination is an important issue for the safety of edible oils. Enzymatic degradation is a promising approach for removing mycotoxins in a specific, efficient, and green manner. However, enzymatic degradation of mycotoxins in edible oil is challenging as a result of the low activity and stability of the enzyme. Herein, a novel strategy was proposed to degrade AFB 1 in peanut oil using an amphipathic laccase−inorganic hybrid nanoflower (Lac NF−P) as a biocatalyst. Owing to the improved microenvironment of the enzymatic reaction and the enhanced stability of the enzyme structure, the proposed amphipathic Lac NF−P showed 134-and 3.2-fold increases in the degradation efficiency of AFB 1 in comparison to laccase and Lac NF, respectively. AFB 1 was removed to less than 0.96 μg/kg within 3 h when using Lac NF−P as a catalyst in the peanut oil, with the AFB 1 concentration ranging from 50 to 150 μg/kg. Moreover, the quality of the peanut oil had no obvious change, and no leakage of catalyst was observed after the treatment of Lac NF−P. In other words, our study may open an avenue for the development of a novel biocatalyst for the detoxification of mycotoxins in edible oils.

Adsorptive removal of aflatoxin B1 from water and edible oil by dopamine-grafted biomass chitosan–iron–cobalt spinel oxide nanocomposite: mechanism, kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and oil quality

“…22 Besides, the average grain sizes of the samples were measured using the Debye-Scherrer formula, 23 which indicated that CFO and DC/CFOS NC possessed grain sizes of about 8.50 and 11.1 nm, respectively. Additionally, to obtain the crystallinity of the samples on a quantitative basis, the CI value was determined using eqn (16) where b, q, k, and l are the line broadening at half the maximum intensity (FWHM), Bragg's angle, dimensionless shape factor, and X-ray wavelength, respectively. The data manifested that the CI of the same volume of CFSO and DC/CFOS NC was 2.0, and 2.17, respectively.…”

“…1 Adsorption binders as a key component of the adsorption process have attracted signicant attention, and consequently many inorganic (such as resins, mineral clay, attapulgite, bentonite, kaolinite, Fe/3D-WS 2 nanoowers, and ower-like mesoporous magnesium silicate composites), organic (such as activated carbon, b-D-glucans, chitosan, cellulose, and plant derivatives), and biological (such as lactic acid bacteria, laccase-inorganic hybrid nanoower, and yeast cell walls) adsorbents have been utilized. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Nonetheless, to realize the challenging adsorption in future industries, high-quality adsorbents are still required. An adsorbent can be bound to the target toxins mostly based on the differences in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the adsorbent, and consequently interaction between the adsorbent with the toxin and matrices.…”

Click Reaction-Mediated Fluorescent Immunosensor Based on Cu-MOF Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive and High-Throughput Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Food Samples

“…1,2 Aflatoxin toxicity and carcinogenicity are very strong, especially aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), which can pose a serious threat to people's health. 3 AFB 1 has been deemed a class I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. It is because of its high hazardousness that many countries have set extremely stringent regulations for AFB 1 permitted in food and agricultural products, 4 ranging from 2 to 20 ng/g.…”

“…Aflatoxins secreted by natural Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus, as a secondary metabolite, are easy to pollute food crops and their products, such as moldy corn, peanuts, grain, and animal feeds. , Aflatoxin toxicity and carcinogenicity are very strong, especially aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), which can pose a serious threat to people’s health . AFB 1 has been deemed a class I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.…”

Space-Confined Electrochemical Aptasensing with Conductive Hydrogels for Enhanced Applicability to Aflatoxin B1 Detection

“…Aspergillus flavus commonly exists in soil and contaminates a variety of crops, such as peanuts and maize . Food sources infected by this fungus produce aflatoxins, causing significant health risks and damage to humans and animals. , Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), in particular, is regarded as the most harmful aflatoxin substance and has been classified as a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) . The US and Chinese Food Drug Administration (FDA) have established a maximum allowable content of AFB1 in foodstuffs of 20 ng mL –1 , and the European Commission allows AFB1 levels of 2–5 ng mL –1 .…”