Biodegradation of Allethrin, a Pyrethroid Insecticide, by an Acidomonas Sp.

Abstract

Allethrin is a major mosquito repellent agent. To degrade allethrin present in used mats and the environment, a bacterium capable of utilizing allethrin was isolated. This isolate, an Acidomonas sp., grew in minimal medium with 16 mM: allethrin as sole source of carbon and degraded >70% of it in 72 h, with negligible residual metabolites in the medium. Culture filtrates collected after 48 h and 72 h showed presence of (i) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl), (ii) 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-cyclopent-2-ene-carboxylic acid (iii) chrysanthemic acid and (iv) allethrolone [2-cyclopenten-l-one, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2(-2-propenyl)] as the major metabolites with 2 minor metabolites. Allethrin is thus metabolized by a hydrolytic pathway followed by oxidation and dehydrogenation.

Aerobic metabolism and adsorption of pyrethroid insecticide metofluthrin in soil

“…The retarded degradation of RTZ by autoclaving soil shows the involvement of a microbial process, which has been demonstrated for other pyrethroids by using microbes isolated from soils and sediments. 7,19,20) The primary metabolite originating from the acid moiety of metofluthrin was IV or V but they also underwent rapid degradation via oxidation of the propenyl side chain to form VI. Although significant mineralization of the chrysanthemic acid moiety of other pyrethroids with the formation of bound residues has been reported, [16][17][18] this study clearly demonstrated the oxidative degradation process through VI.…”

“…5) The most probable oxidation of the isobutenyl moiety was confirmed in plant metabolism for phenothrin 6) but not its soil metabolism. Paingankar et al 7) have recently reported dehydrogenation of the acid moiety of allethrin by Acidomonas sp. but the oxidative pathway was not reported.…”

Isomerization and biodegradation of beta-cypermethrin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa CH7 with biosurfactant production

“…strain CPN 1 (Tallur et al, 2008), allethrin by Acidomonas sp. (Paingankar et al, 2005), and beta-cyfluthrin (beta-CF) by Pseudomonas stutzeri strain S1 (Saikia et al, 2005) and on the analysis of metabolic pathways relative to these strains. The effects of abiotic activities on isomerization of SP were also investigated in previous studies (Bicker et al, 2006;Gonzalez Audino et al, 2002;Leicht et al, 1996;Liu et al, 2005b;Naumann, 1990;Qin and Gan, 2007).…”

Biodegradation of Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticides by Microorganims

“…(Maloney et al 1988), Bacillus cereus (Maloney et al 1993), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (Halden et al 2000), Pseudomonas stutzeri (Saikia et al 2005), Acidomonas sp. (Paingankar et al 2005), Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila , Micrococcus sp. (Tallur et al 2008), Ochrobactrum tritici (Wang et al 2011), Streptomyces aureus (Chen et al 2011a), Stenotrophomonas sp.…”