Biodegradation of Antibiotics by Immobilized Trichoderma Active Compounds and Biochar

Abstract

Antibiotics are released into the wastewater daily, most of these antibiotics are also used in the hospital setting thus there is a need to come up with efficient and eco-friendly methods for treating the sewage resulting from treatment. This investigation was intended to separate the fungi from an exceptionally contaminated in a plain water treatment plant situated in Medical City / Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Aspergillus terraces and q Trichoderma viride, of only two, isolate fungi that were able to tolerate antibiotics. The top three common differentials between the percentage of higher strain manufacturers were tetracycline azithromycin ciprofloxacin at increasing concentrations (5; 10; 15, and From the high values of tolerance index found in the highest concentration of 20 ppm for all antibiotics, T. viride was focused on as a treatment agent during biodegradation T. viride was cultured in a mineral enriched liquid culture medium for two weeks at the temperature of 25±2ºC which yielded 20 active compounds were determined using GC-MS and used to evaluate the biodegradation of different antibiotics one strain at a time in flasks containing dry wet T. vivid bio mas(2 As a control, a heated T. viride biomass (killed) controlled flask was added to test the activity of dried T. viride wet biomass and stability against antibiotic action on pathogens causing bovine mastitis. Third-day samples showed removal efficiency percent ranging from 1-5%, fifth-day samples had the percentage of removal reaching 20 – 40 % and on the seventh day, the efficiency of removal was over 90 – 100%. Also, the biomass weight of T.virides increased on their seventh day reaching a maximum value of 4 g. Importantly, many mechanisms are involved in the bioremediation of organic pollutants including sorption and degradation., and 90- 100% on the seventh day. In addition, there was an increase in the biomass weight of T.viride on the seventh day, reaching up to 4 grams. Bioremediation of organic pollutants is achieved by many mechanisms like sorption and degradation, an experiment was conducted within 24 hours. the experiment included four treatments at a concentration of 10 ppm for each antibiotic: the first treatment included 6% Agar agar only, the second treatment included 6% Agar agar and 2g of Biochar, the third treatment included 6% Agar agar with a 1:1 volume of T. viride crude ethyl extract, and the fourth treatment included 6% Agar agar with 2g Biochar and a 1:1 volume of T. viride crude ethyl extract. After 24 hours, 5ml of each sample was tested by HPLC to calculate the removal percentage range. the HPLC results showed that the removal percentages of TR-1 1-3%, TR-2 25-30%, TR-3 65-70%, and TR-4 had the highest removal percentages of 90% for AZI, 90.7% for CIP, and 100% for TET. This study demonstrates a simple, low-cost, and promising method that can be easily applied with high removal efficiency, fast biodegradation rate, easy separation ability, and long-term stability.