Biodegradation of Bioplastic Using Anaerobic Digestion at Retention Time as per Industrial Biogas Plant and International Norms

Shrestha, Ankita; Eerten-Jansen, M.C.A.A. van; Acharya, Bishnu

doi:10.3390/su12104231

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The CBB-FW-55 treatment produced 0.351 m 3 CH 4 /m 3 digester volume, which was 43% less than the PET treatment, but with no significant differences with PET (p-value = 0.98). The results are in agreement with recent research that noted that a cellulosic film bioplastic had lower biogas production compared with PLA [13]. The PHBV-55 treatment produced 479% more CH 4 (2.30 m 3 CH 4 /m 3 digester) than the FW-55 treatment.…”

Section: Cumulative Methane (Ch 4 ) Production-thermophilic Digestion...supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The cumulative CH 4 production for the PHBV-FW-55 and PLA-FW-55 treatments was significantly higher (p-values of <0.001) than the FW-55 treatment by 229% and 730%, respectively (Figure 1). Anaerobic biodegradability increased through the additional biogas production from bioplastic inclusion [13,24]. Based on the results of the bioplastics tested in this experiment, PLA and PHBV showed more biogas production and more degradation compared with CBB.…”

Section: Cumulative Methane (Ch 4 ) Production-thermophilic Digestion...mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Since most bioplastics are biodegradable over a reasonable time in the environment, there are limited studies on the degradation periods and energy potential associated with multiple types of bioplastic products. A previous study assessed the degradation of PLA and CBB bioplastics over a 35-day period (typical residence time for AD), concluding that the bioplastics were not fully degraded and unsuitable for standard biogas digesters [13]. However, the study did not digest the bioplastics alongside common substrates they would be disposed with, such as food waste, and the study did not compare the degradability of the bioplastics to petroleumbased plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of Petroleum-Based Plastic and Bioplastics Degradation Using Anaerobic Digestion

Nachod¹,

Keller²,

Hassanein³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Bioplastics have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastic (PET). Three of the most common bioplastic polymers are polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV), polylactide (PLA), and cellulose-based bioplastic (CBB). This study assessed biodegradation through anaerobic digestion (AD) of these three bioplastics and PET digested with food waste (FW) at mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) temperatures. The four plastic types were digested with FW in triplicate batch reactors. Additionally, two blank treatments (inoculum-only) and two PHBV treatments (with FW + inoculum and inoculum-only) were digested at 35 and 55 °C. The PHBV treatment without FW at 35 °C (PHBV-35) produced the most methane (CH4) normalized by the volatile solids (VS) of the bioplastics over the 104-day experimental period (271 mL CH4/g VS). Most bioplastics had more CH4 production than PET when normalized by digester volume or gram substrate added, with the PLA-FW-55 (5.80 m3 CH4/m3), PHBV-FW-55 (2.29 m3 CH4/m3), and PHBV-55 (4.05 m3 CH4/m3) having 848,275 and 561%, respectively, more CH4 production than the PET treatment. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed full degradation of PHBV pellets after AD. The results show that when PHBV is used as bioplastic, it can be degraded with energy production through AD.

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Section: Cumulative Methane (Ch 4 ) Production-thermophilic Digestion...supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Cumulative Methane (Ch 4 ) Production-thermophilic Digestion...mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of Petroleum-Based Plastic and Bioplastics Degradation Using Anaerobic Digestion

Nachod¹,

Keller²,

Hassanein³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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show abstract

“…[33,34]. Conversely, it was found that mesophilic conditions (30-90 days) stop PLA degradation at around 10% [27,35,36]. However, available studies on PLA were performed only on film material, with thickness ranging from 30 to 50 µm.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Film and Rigid Bioplastics During the Thermophilic Phase and the Maturation Phase of Simulated Composting

et al. 2021

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The recent regulations, which impose limits on single use plastics and packaging, are encouraging the development of bioplastics market. Some bioplastics are labelled as compostable with the organic waste according to a specific certification (EN 13432), however the conditions of industrial composting plants are generally less favourable than the standard test conditions. Aiming at studying the effective degradation of marketable bioplastic products under composting, the current research stresses novel elements which can strongly influence bioplastics degradation: the simulation of industrial composting conditions and the thickness of bioplastic products, ranging between 50 and 500 µm. The research approaches these critical aspects simulating a composting test of 20 days of thermophilic phase followed by 40 days of maturation phase, on starch-based polymer Mater-Bi® (MB), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polylactic acid (PLA) of different thickness. Conventional low density polyethylene (LDPE) was introduced as negative control. An overall study with Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and visual inspections was applied. Results highlighted that MB film presented the highest degradation rate, 45 ± 4.7% in terms of weight loss. Both MB and PBAT were subjected to physico-chemical features change, while LDPE presented slight degradation signs. The most critical observations have been done for PLA, which is strongly influenced both by thickness and thermophilic phase duration, shorter than the EN 13432 conditions.

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“…The electron mobility of graphene in ABS allows the material to be utilized as a transducer for sensor fabrication. Despite the ABS-G electrode depicting the capability of electron transfer, the conductivity was not feasible to be utilized directly in electrochemical sensing [ 35 , 36 ]. Thus, electrodeposition of ZVI onto 3D printed ABS-G was conducted to further enhance the redox capability of the 3D electrode, corresponding to 0.05 M ferricyanide as the electrolyte, as can be seen in Figure 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of 3D Printed Tailored Electrode for 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-Diol (3-MCPD) Sensing

2022

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has allowed enormous advancement in technology and material development; thus, it requires attention in developing functionalized printed materials. AM can assist in efficiently manufacturing complex tailored electrodes for electrochemical sensing in the food industry. Herein, we used a commercial fused deposition modeling (FDM) filament of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) for FDM 3D printing of a self-designed electrode with minimal time and cost compared to a commercial electrode. A graphene-based ABS conductive filament (ABS-G) was used to fabricate the conductive electrode in a dual-nozzle FDM 3D printer. The electrochemically conductive 3D printed electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry and tested against standard 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) with known concentrations using an amperometric detection method. Results showed a basis for promising application to detect and quantify 3-MCPD, a food contaminant known for its carcinogenic potential. The fabrication of functionalized 3D printed polymer electrodes paves way for the development of complete 3D printable electrochemical sensors. Under optimal conditions, this newly synthesized electrochemical sensor exhibited sensitivity with a linear response range from 6.61 × 10−4 to 2.30 × 10−3 µg/mL with an estimated limit of detection of 3.30 × 10−4 µg/mL against 3-MCPD.

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Biodegradation of Bioplastic Using Anaerobic Digestion at Retention Time as per Industrial Biogas Plant and International Norms

Cited by 56 publications

References 33 publications

Assessment of Petroleum-Based Plastic and Bioplastics Degradation Using Anaerobic Digestion

Assessment of Petroleum-Based Plastic and Bioplastics Degradation Using Anaerobic Digestion

Degradation of Film and Rigid Bioplastics During the Thermophilic Phase and the Maturation Phase of Simulated Composting

Facile Synthesis of 3D Printed Tailored Electrode for 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-Diol (3-MCPD) Sensing

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