Biodegradation of genetically modified seeds and plant tissues during composting

Reuter, Tim; Alexander, Trevor W.; Xu, Weiping; Stanford, Kim; McAllister, Tim A.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.3863

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Microbial biodegradation in compost has been shown to be optimal at water activities ≥0·9 (Reuter et al . ), provided that moisture content of compost remains between 0·5 to 0·6 kg kg −1 (Keener et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of sporulation temperature, exposure to compost matrix and temperature on survival of Bacillus cereus spores during livestock mortality composting

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of sporulation temperature, exposure to compost matrix and temperature on survival of Bacillus cereus spores during livestock mortality composting

et al. 2015

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“…Although the copy number of 16S-rRNA per bacterial genome can vary between species [17], its quantification has previously been used to estimate overall bacterial abundance [18] and to normalize resistance genes to the bacterial population [11] in environmental samples. Our results suggest the total bacterial load in the fecal deposits increased and that the feces provided a matrix suitable for bacterial growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes in feces shed from cattle fed different subtherapeutic antibiotics

et al. 2011

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BackgroundEnvironmental transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance gene determinants originating from livestock is affected by their persistence in agricultural-related matrices. This study investigated the effects of administering subtherapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials to beef cattle on the abundance and persistence of resistance genes within the microbial community of fecal deposits. Cattle (three pens per treatment, 10 steers per pen) were administered chlortetracycline, chlortetracycline plus sulfamethazine, tylosin, or no antimicrobials (control). Model fecal deposits (n = 3) were prepared by mixing fresh feces from each pen into a single composite sample. Real-time PCR was used to measure concentrations of tet, sul and erm resistance genes in DNA extracted from composites over 175 days of environmental exposure in the field. The microbial communities were analyzed by quantification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S-rRNA.ResultsThe concentrations of 16S-rRNA in feces were similar across treatments and increased by day 56, declining thereafter. DGGE profiles of 16S-rRNA differed amongst treatments and with time, illustrating temporal shifts in microbial communities. All measured resistance gene determinants were quantifiable in feces after 175 days. Antimicrobial treatment differentially affected the abundance of certain resistance genes but generally not their persistence. In the first 56 days, concentrations of tet(B), tet(C), sul1, sul2, erm(A) tended to increase, and decline thereafter, whereas tet(M) and tet(W) gradually declined over 175 days. At day 7, the concentration of erm(X) was greatest in feces from cattle fed tylosin, compared to all other treatments.ConclusionThe abundance of genes coding for antimicrobial resistance in bovine feces can be affected by inclusion of antibiotics in the feed. Resistance genes can persist in feces from cattle beyond 175 days with concentrations of some genes increasing with time. Management practices that accelerate DNA degradation such as frequent land application or composting of manure may reduce the extent to which bovine feces serves as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance.

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“…Approximately 11 500 kg (47%) of OM underwent biotransformation in the structure over the 230 days period (Reuter et al . ). Compost remained alkaline (pH 7·9–9·6) throughout composting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Compost temperature profiles are a mirror of the extent of microbial activity during the degradation of organic compounds and their utilizable energy content (Reuter et al . ). Bovine hooves have a complex helical molecular structure with various keratin characteristics of soft and hard cornified (Tomlinson et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Compost biodegradation of recalcitrant hoof keratin by bacteria and fungi

Reuter

Gilroyed

et al. 2015

J Appl Microbiol

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Biodegradation of genetically modified seeds and plant tissues during composting

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Impacts of sporulation temperature, exposure to compost matrix and temperature on survival of Bacillus cereus spores during livestock mortality composting

Impacts of sporulation temperature, exposure to compost matrix and temperature on survival of Bacillus cereus spores during livestock mortality composting

Longitudinal characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes in feces shed from cattle fed different subtherapeutic antibiotics

Compost biodegradation of recalcitrant hoof keratin by bacteria and fungi

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