Biodegradation of inorganic components in paper documents: Formation of calcium oxalate crystals as a consequence of Aspergillus terreus Thom growth

Pinzari, Flavia; Zotti, Mirca; Mico, Antonella De; Calvini, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.06.001

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…7). These biogenic minerals are produced in paper by those fungal strains that are able to utilize calcium contained in CaCO 3 to produce oxalate crystals that precipitate on fibres and hyphae as encrustations, and organized clusters (Pinzari et al ., 2010b).…”

Section: Fungal Biodeterioration Of Books Paper and Parchmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dissecting light microscopy is the most important tool to study the surface growth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can help to visualize if the fungal infection is more superficial or if the fungal hyphae are already intermingled with paper fibres indication attack and penetration of the material with hyphal extensions (Michaelsen et al ., 2010; Pinzari et al ., 2010b; Guiamet et al ., 2011). The use of low vacuum environmental SEM allows an immediate analysis of paper samples without gold sputtering and previous fixation of samples in glutar‐aldehyde.…”

Section: Prevention and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The revenge of time: fungal deterioration of cultural heritage with particular reference to books, paper and parchment

Sterflinger

Pinzari²

2011

Environmental Microbiology

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161

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SummaryHyphomycetous fungi -so called 'mould' -are the most important agents of biodeterioration in museums, museums' storage rooms, in libraries, collections and restoration studios. Fungi are able to live at low water activities, they are perfectly adapted to indoor environments and thrive in microclimatic niches caused by condensation, lack of ventilation or water retention by hygroscopic materials. Fungi spoil valuable pieces of art aesthetically, mechanically, chemically and by degradation of organic components. Historical material made of paper and oil paintings with high amounts of organic binders are especially susceptible to fungal deterioration. In order to prevent fungal contamination or to treat already contaminated objects an integrated approach including climate control, material-specific cleaning and application of carefully selected biocides is necessary.

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Section: Fungal Biodeterioration Of Books Paper and Parchmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The revenge of time: fungal deterioration of cultural heritage with particular reference to books, paper and parchment

Sterflinger

Pinzari²

2011

Environmental Microbiology

Self Cite

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Furthermore, this pattern of fungal bioleaching of lead apatites can be extended to other metal apatites, such as calcium apatite [Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH,F,Cl)]. In this case, the formation of monohydrated (whewellite) and dihydrated (weddellite) calcium oxalate can be mediated by many different fungal species (50,(80)(81)(82)(83). This transformation is also confirmed by our simulations with GWB, even if the whewellite seems to be more stable than lead oxalate, with an oxalate activity of ϳ10 Ϫ5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fungal Bioweathering of Mimetite and a General Geomycological Model for Lead Apatite Mineral Biotransformations

Ceci

Kierans

Hillier

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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f Fungi play important roles in biogeochemical processes such as organic matter decomposition, bioweathering of minerals and rocks, and metal transformations and therefore influence elemental cycles for essential and potentially toxic elements, e.g., P, S, Pb, and As. Arsenic is a potentially toxic metalloid for most organisms and naturally occurs in trace quantities in soil, rocks, water, air, and living organisms. Among more than 300 arsenic minerals occurring in nature, mimetite [ . Despite the insolubility of mimetite, the organic acid-producing soil fungus Aspergillus niger was able to solubilize mimetite with simultaneous precipitation of lead oxalate as a new mycogenic biomineral. Since fungal biotransformation of both pyromorphite and vanadinite has been previously documented, a new biogeochemical model for the biogenic transformation of lead apatites (mimetite, pyromorphite, and vanadinite) by fungi is hypothesized in this study by application of geochemical modeling together with experimental data. The models closely agreed with experimental data and provided accurate simulation of As and Pb complexation and biomineral formation dependent on, e.g., pH, cation-anion composition, and concentration. A general pattern for fungal biotransformation of lead apatite minerals is proposed, proving new understanding of ecological implications of the biogeochemical cycling of component elements as well as industrial applications in metal stabilization, bioremediation, and biorecovery. F ungi actively contribute to many important geological processes (1-5). Biotransformations and the biogeochemical cycling of elements, metal and mineral transformations, organic matter decomposition, bioweathering, and soil and sediment formation are some of their most important geoactive roles (1-6). Fungal involvement in biogeochemical cycling of essential and potentially toxic elements (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, metals, and metalloids) is clear and interlinked with their abilities to adopt a variety of growth, metabolic, and morphological strategies (1-3, 6-12). Fungi are particularly involved in metal biogeochemistry, with a variety of processes determining mobility, and therefore bioavailability, and immobility, leading to formation of secondary minerals and metal stabilization (1-7, 11-13).Arsenic is an element belonging to group V-A and is a metalloid possessing both metallic and nonmetallic properties. Arsenic is widely distributed in the Earth's crust, with an average concentration of 2 to 5 mg kg Ϫ1 , and is associated primarily with igneous and sedimentary rocks in the form of inorganic arsenic compounds (14-17). Arsenic therefore naturally occurs in trace quantities in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere and in all living organisms, where it can be acutely toxic because of its similarity to inorganic phosphate and its affinity for protein thiols (14-16, 18, 19). Arsenate (AsO 4 3Ϫ ) is an analogue of essential phosphate (PO 4 3Ϫ ) and can be taken up via phosphate transport systems in most orga...

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“…Before 1840, the raw materials used to produce paper were cellulose fibers obtained from rags and ropes (Proniewicz et al, 2002). In the 1980s this acidic sizing process was replaced by alkaline neutral sizing process using alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) (Espy, 1990;Pinzari et al, 2006Pinzari et al, , 2010Area & Cheradame, 2011;Song et al, 2011). In the hand papermaking process, gelatin, a very stable and impermeable film-forming external sizing agent, was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical and Microbiological Characterization of Paper Samples Exhibiting Foxing Stains

et al. 2015

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This work comprises the use of a multi-analytical approach combined with microbiological studies to characterize six paper samples, containing foxing stains, from the 20th century, regarding their cellulose matrix, fillers, and sizing materials, and to evaluate possible paper degradation that might have occurred during the foxing stains. Photography under different illuminations and optical microscopy were used for morphological characterization of the paper samples and foxing stains. Scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was of particular importance for defining the presence of fiber disorder and disruption on the surface of some of the stains, and localized accumulations of mineral-like particles on the surface of others. SEM-EDS, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) were used for the identification of mineral fillers, whereas sizing agents were analyzed using ATR-FT-IR. EDXRF results showed that no differences, within the standard deviation, were found in iron and copper contents between the foxed and unfoxed areas. Fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium spp. were found in all the paper samples. Unfoxed areas presented lower contamination than the foxed areas.

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Biodegradation of inorganic components in paper documents: Formation of calcium oxalate crystals as a consequence of Aspergillus terreus Thom growth

Cited by 62 publications

References 28 publications

The revenge of time: fungal deterioration of cultural heritage with particular reference to books, paper and parchment

The revenge of time: fungal deterioration of cultural heritage with particular reference to books, paper and parchment

Fungal Bioweathering of Mimetite and a General Geomycological Model for Lead Apatite Mineral Biotransformations

Analytical and Microbiological Characterization of Paper Samples Exhibiting Foxing Stains

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