Biodegradation of Profenofos by Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Grapevines (Vitis vinifera)

Abstract

The biodegradation of profenofos, an organophosphorus insecticide, by four Bacillus subtilis strains, namely, DR-39, CS-126, TL-171, and TS-204, isolated from grapevines or grape rhizosphere was studied in liquid culture, on grape berries, and in vineyard soil. Each of the four B. subtilis strains enhanced the degradation of profenofos in all three matrices. Degradation rate constants were best obtained by first + first-order kinetics module. In nutrient broth spiked with 5 μg/mL profenofos, inoculation with B. subtilis strains DR-39, CS-126, TL-171, and TS-204 reduced the half-life (DT50) of profenofos to 4.03, 3.57, 2.87, and 2.53 days, respectively, from the DT50 = 12.90 days observed in the uninoculated control. In Thompson Seedless grapes sprayed with profenofos at a field dose of 1250 mL ai/ha, the DT50 values were 1.07, 1.00, 2.13, and 2.20 days in grapes inoculated with B. subtilis strains DR-39, CS-126, TL-171, and TS-204, respectively, as compared to 2.20 days in uninoculated grapes. These four B. subtilis strains also enhanced the degradation of profenofos in autoclaved soil (DT50 = 5.93, 7.47, 6.00, and 4.37 days) and in nonautoclaved soil (DT50 = 0.87, 2.00, 2.07, and 2.43 days) amended with 5 μg/g profenofos from the half-lives of 17.37 and 14.37 days in respective uninoculated soils. Growth dynamic studies indicated that all four B. subtilis strains were able to establish and proliferate on berries and soil equally well in the presence or absence of profenofos. Degradation product 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol was identified by GC-MS. Strain DR-39 was most effective in the natural environments of grape and soil.

Profenofos insecticide degradation by novel microbial consortium and isolates enriched from contaminated chili farm soil

“…This may be due to the competition between the cultures in the consortium. This is similar to the work by Salunkhe et al (2013). The rapid growth rate of pure cultures (Bacillus subtilis strains) isolated from grapevines or grape rhizosphere during profenofos biodegradation was reported.…”

“…The technique involved enrichment of pesticide-degrading microbial cultures and the utilization of the enriched cultures for removing pesticides later on. So far, there are only a few publications on enrichment and isolation of PF-degrading bacteria such as the enrichment of the degrading cultures Salunkhe et al 2013). Also, there is limited information on PF biodegradation kinetics and potential biodegradation pathway.…”

Cu and Cr enhanced the effect of various carbon nanotubes on microbial communities in an aquatic environment

“…In addition, bands 1, 2, 6, and 7 belong to Bacillus sp., which almost can be observed at each band. This species is commonly found in natural environments [55,56]. These results indicate that A. ferrooxidans and Bacillus sp.…”

Photocatalytic Degradation of Profenofos and Triazophos Residues in the Chinese Cabbage, Brassica chinensis, Using Ce-Doped TiO2

“…In the profenofos molecule, the bond lengths between P 13 -S 15 , C 6 -Br 10 , C 2 -Cl 11 , P 13 -O 26 and P 13 -O 12 are 2.1100 × 10 −10 , 1.91000 × 10 −10 , 1.78000 × 10 −10 , 1.76000 × 10 −10 , 1.76000 × 10 −10 , and 1.76000 × 10 −10 m, respectively, which are longer than other bonds. Similarly, the bond lengths between P 19 -S 20 in the triazophos molecule is the longest with the value of 1.85680 × 10 −10 m, followed by the bond lengths between P 19 -O 18 , P 19 -O 21 and P 19 -O 22 with the same value of 1.76000 × 10 −10 m. According to negative A major metabolic product of profenofos, 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol was widely reported in the photolysis [37], hydrolysis [38], and biodegradation [39,40]. However, there has been no relevant report on photocatalytic degradation products of profenofos using TiO 2 .…”

“…These compounds were further identified by matching their retention times and mass spectrum with standards under the same UPLC-MS analysis conditions. A major metabolic product of profenofos, 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol was widely reported in the photolysis [37], hydrolysis [38], and biodegradation [39,40]. However, there has been no relevant report on photocatalytic degradation products of profenofos using TiO2.…”