“…Many natural polymeric matrices, such as agar [8] , alginate [9] , carrageenan [10,11] , chitosan [12] , and synthetic matrices, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [13,14] , cellulose [15,16] , polyurethane [9] and polyacrylonitrile [5,17] , have been used to immobilize microbes or enzymes in bioremediation systems, due to non-toxic or low toxicity to the biocatalysts. But affected by the poor swelling property [12,18] , some matrices like alginate gel and its derivatives or PVA [18,19] are easily damaged after reuse due to the presence of damaged internal cavity, distorted surface, or disintegrated support [20] . Especially when the temperature rises to 40 °C, the microbes could still keep alive, but the sodium alginate or PVA beads are damaged quickly at that temperature.…”