Biodegradation of the nitramine explosives hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in cold marine sediment under anaerobic and oligotrophic conditions

Zhao, Jihe; Greer, Charles W.; Thiboutot, Sonia; Ampleman, Guy; Hawari, Jalal

doi:10.1139/w03-112

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Halflives for the added RDX were 4 days saturated and 29 days unsaturated. These values were similar to those reported by Zhao et al (2004) for aqueous RDX in marine sediment (at 10°C) and Speitel et al (2001) for RDX in a soil at a gravimetric moisture level of 8%. A number of reports have also shown that reduced conditions can be ideal for RDX biodegradation (McCormick et al, 1981;Boopathy et al, 1998;Guiot et al, 1999;Speitel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Rdx Biodegradationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Utility of lipid biomarkers in support of bioremediation efforts at army sites

Ringelberg

Richmond

Foley

et al. 2008

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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Lipid biomarker analysis has proven valuable in testing the hypothesis that attributes of the extant microbiota can directly reflect the occurrence of contaminant biodegradation. Two past research efforts have demonstrated this utility and are described here.A 4.5 m vertical core was obtained from a diesel fuel oil contamination plume. Core material was assayed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and bacterial membrane phospholipids (PLFA) via a single solvent extraction. Microbial viable biomass and the relative abundance of Gram-negative bacterial PLFA biomarkers were found to be significantly correlated with TPH concentration. The core TPH profile also revealed two distinct areas where the average TPH level of 3000 μg g − 1 fell to near detection limits. Both areas were characterized by a three-fold decrease in the hexadecane/pristane ratio, indicating alkane biodegradation, and a distinct PLFA profile that showed a close similarity to the uncontaminated surface soil. Low-order, incomplete detonations can deposit hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) into training range surface soils. Since surface soils are exposed to temporal and diurnal moisture cycles, we investigated the effect two very different soil moisture tensions had on the in situ microbiota and RDX biodegradation. Saturated soils were characterized by rapid RDX biodegradation, 4 day half-life, a decrease in number of species detected and increase in PLFA biomarkers for Gram-negative proteobacteria (n16:1ω7c, n18:1ω9c, and n18:1ω7c) and Gram-positive firmicutes (i15:0 and a15:0). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles of endpoint microbial communities indicated a shift from 18 to 36% firmicutes, the loss of gamma-proteobacteria and the emergence of alpha-proteobacteria.These two past research efforts demonstrated the utility of the lipid biomarker analysis in identifying microbial community characteristics that were associated with two very different soil contaminants. Lipid biomarkers defined areas of TPH biodegradation and identified community shifts as a result of soil conditions that affected explosives fate. Information like this can be used to enhance the predictive power of ecological models such as the Army Training and Testing Area Carrying Capacity for munitions model [ATTACC]. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Rdx Biodegradationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Utility of lipid biomarkers in support of bioremediation efforts at army sites

Ringelberg

Richmond

Foley

et al. 2008

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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“…Mixed enrichment cultures cultivated from marine sediment reduced RDX through its nitroso intermediates and ultimately led to mineralization of nearly 60% of the RDX in one series of incubations (61,63). The mineralization activity was not consistent, and alternate batches yielded different results (61). However, Shewanella species were the dominant microbial population in the most active enrichment, which suggests that in situ Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms may be responsible for RDX biodegradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RDX biodegradation has been reported for environmental samples (e.g., marine sediment), mixed anaerobic cultures, or pure cultures (44,62,63). Mixed enrichment cultures cultivated from marine sediment reduced RDX through its nitroso intermediates and ultimately led to mineralization of nearly 60% of the RDX in one series of incubations (61,63). The mineralization activity was not consistent, and alternate batches yielded different results (61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbially Mediated Biodegradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5- Triazine by Extracellular Electron Shuttling Compounds

Kwon

Finneran

2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The potential for humic substances to stimulate the reduction of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) was investigated. This study describes a novel approach for the remediation of RDX-contaminated environments using microbially mediated electron shuttling. Incubations without cells demonstrated that reduced AQDS transfers electrons directly to RDX, which was reduced without significant accumulation of the nitroso intermediates. Three times as much reduced AQDS (molar basis) was needed to completely reduce RDX. The rate and extent of RDX reduction differed greatly among electron shuttle/acceptor amendments for resting cell suspensions of Geobacter metallireducens and G. sulfurreducens with acetate as the sole electron donor. AQDS and purified humic substances stimulated the fastest rate of RDX reduction. The nitroso metabolites did not significantly accumulate in the presence of AQDS or humic substances. RDX reduction in the presence of poorly crystalline Fe(III) was relatively slow and metabolites transiently accumulated. However, adding humic substances or AQDS to Fe(III)-containing incubations increased the reduction rates. Cells of G. metallireducens alone reduced RDX; however, the rate of RDX reduction was slow relative to AQDSamended incubations. These data suggest that extracellular electron shuttle-mediated RDX transformation is not organism specific but rather is catalyzed by multiple Fe(III)-and humic-reducing species. Electron shuttle-mediated RDX reduction may eventually become a rapid and effective cleanup strategy in both Fe(III)-rich and Fe(III)-poor environments.

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“…shewanella.org). Some Shewanella strains are also able to degrade pollutants such as chlorinated solvents (Petrovskis et al, 1994), petroleum (Semple & Westlake, 1987) and RDX (1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) (Zhao et al, 2004), some can produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (Bowman et al, 1997;Russell & Nichols, 1999;Satomi et al, 2003) and some are able to grow under extreme conditions (Bozal et al, 2002;Kato et al, 1998;Nogi et al, 1998;Stapleton et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shewanella loihica sp. nov., isolated from iron-rich microbial mats in the Pacific Ocean

Gao

Obraztova

Stewart

et al. 2006

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

109

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A novel marine bacterial strain, PV-4 T , isolated from a microbial mat located at a hydrothermal vent of Loihi Seamount in the Pacific Ocean, has been characterized. This micro-organism is orangey in colour, Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic and psychrotolerant (temperature range, 0-42 6C). No growth was observed with nitrate, nitrite, DMSO or thiosulfate as the electron acceptor and lactate as the electron donor. The major fatty acid detected in strain PV-4 T was iso-C 15 : 0 . Strain PV-4 T had ubiquinones consisting mainly of Q-7 and Q-8, and possessed menaquinone MK-7. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 53?8 mol% and the genome size was about 4?5 Mbp. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed PV-4 T within the genus Shewanella. PV-4 T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 99?6 and 97?5 %, respectively, with respect to the type strains of Shewanella aquimarina and Shewanella marisflavi. DNA from strain PV-4 T showed low mean levels of relatedness to the DNAs of S. aquimarina (50?5 %) and S. marisflavi (8?5 %). On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, the bacterium was classified in the genus Shewanella within a distinct novel species, for which the name Shewanella loihica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PV-4 T (=ATCC BAA-1088 T =DSM 17748 T ).The genus Shewanella consists of rod-shaped, Gramnegative, facultatively anaerobic, readily cultivated gammaproteobacteria (Gauthier et al., 1995;MacDonell & Colwell, 1985;Venkateswaran et al., 1999). While many Shewanella strains remain uncharacterized, there are 32 recognized Shewanella species: the latter were isolated from a variety of sources, primarily aquatic environments and sediments (Bowman et al., 1997;Bozal et al., 2002;Brettar et al., 2002;Coyne et al., 1989;Ivanova et al., 2001 Ivanova et al., , 2003a Ivanova et al., , b, 2004aLeonardo et al., 1999;Makemson et al., 1997;Nogi et al., 1998;Nozue et al., 1992;Satomi et al., 2003Satomi et al., , 2006Skerratt et al., 2002; Toffin et al., 2004;Venkateswaran et al., 1998Venkateswaran et al., , 1999Xu et al., 2005; Yoon et al., 2004a, b;Zhao et al., 2005Zhao et al., , 2006Ziemke et al., 1998). The bacteria of this genus have attracted great attention because of their diverse respiratory capacities, illustrated by their ability to utilize a wide range of terminal electron acceptors, including oxygen, nitrate, metals and sulfur compounds (Kostka et al., 1996;Myers & Nealson, 1988;Venkateswaran et al., 1999; http://www. shewanella.org). Some Shewanella strains are also able to degrade pollutants such as chlorinated solvents (Petrovskis et al., 1994), petroleum (Semple & Westlake, 1987) and RDX (1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) (Zhao et al., 2004), some can produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (Bowman et al., 1997;Russell & Nichols, 1999;Satomi et al., 2003) and some are able to grow under extreme conditions (Bozal et al., 2002;Kato et al., 1998;Nogi et al., 1998;Stapleton et al., 2005).In a previous study, several She...

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Biodegradation of the nitramine explosives hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in cold marine sediment under anaerobic and oligotrophic conditions

Cited by 60 publications

References 26 publications

Utility of lipid biomarkers in support of bioremediation efforts at army sites

Utility of lipid biomarkers in support of bioremediation efforts at army sites

Microbially Mediated Biodegradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5- Triazine by Extracellular Electron Shuttling Compounds

Shewanella loihica sp. nov., isolated from iron-rich microbial mats in the Pacific Ocean

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