Biodegradation of the orthodontic bracket system

Maijer, R.; Smith, Dennis C.

doi:10.1016/0889-5406(86)90065-x

Cited by 73 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…6,7,[19][20][21][22][23] The brackets in groups B and C are composed of AISI 316L steel, whereas the brackets in group A are fabricated with AISI 303 steel. In vitro studies on the 316L alloy observed that it was more resistant to corrosion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel, Chromium and Iron Levels in the Saliva of Patients with Simulated Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Souza

Menezes

2008

The Angle Orthodontist

108

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Objective: To assess the in vivo release of nickel, chromium, and iron ions into saliva by different metallic brackets. Materials and Methods: Thirty volunteers wore removable appliances with bonded brackets and were divided according to the brand of brackets: group A, 3M/Unitek (AISI 303); group B, American Orthodontics (AISI 316L); and group C, Dentaurum (AISI 316L). The appliances were worn for 60 days, and saliva samples were collected at the following time points: T1, before placement of the appliance; T2, after 10 minutes; T3, 24 hours; T4, 7 days; T5, 30 days; and T6, 60 days after insertion of the removable appliance. Saliva samples were analyzed for nickel, chromium, and iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric tests (Friedman, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis). Results: Saliva evaluation revealed a large variation in concentration of these ions between individuals. The results also appeared to indicate an increase in nickel and chromium ions immediately after placement of the appliance (T2), but this was statistically significant only for groups B and C. There was no increase in iron levels. A tendency for increases in nickel and chromium concentrations was verified immediately after placement of the appliance, but these values are probably reduced because of biofilm formation regardless of the bracket used. Conclusion: Nickel and chromium ion concentrations increased immediately after placement of the appliance in the mouth for all study groups. There were no significant differences in the nickel, chromium, and iron levels released by the three groups of appliances at all study periods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel, Chromium and Iron Levels in the Saliva of Patients with Simulated Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Souza

Menezes

2008

The Angle Orthodontist

108

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“…12,13,19,20 In these patients, there is also increased susceptibility to corrosion since the accumulation of acidogenic microorganisms around the bracket favors its biodegradation. 4,7,16,17,21 The atomic absorption spectrophotometry findings demonstrated that the concentration of nickel, chromium, and iron in the tooth fragments of the group with corrosion and cycling was higher than that found in both the control group and the group in which there were only demineralization and remineralization cycles (Table 5). Possibly, this higher concentration came from the additional incorporation of metal ions arising from the corrosion of orthodontic appliances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,16,17,28 It was found that the incorporation of metal ions into tooth enamel submitted to a cariogenic challenge is possible and is responsible for the appearance of darkened stains, so the proper selection of the bracket and constant attention to oral hygiene is essential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporation of metal and color alteration of enamel in the presence of orthodontic appliances

Maia

Filho

Araújo

et al. 2012

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To test the null hypothesis that it is not possible to incorporate metal ions arising from orthodontic appliance corrosion into tooth enamel with resulting tooth color change. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to evaluate the presence of nickel, chromium, and iron ions in tooth enamel in three groups: a group submitted to cyclic demineralization and remineralization processes with solutions in which orthodontic appliances were previously immersed and corroded, releasing metallic ions; a control group; and another group, submitted to cycling only, without the presence of orthodontic appliances. The influence of the incorporation of these metals on a possible alteration in color was measured with a portable digital spectrophotometer using the CIE LAB system. Results: At the end of the experiment, a significantly higher concentration of chromium and nickel (P , .05) was found in the group in which corrosion was present, and in this group, there was significantly greater color alteration (P # .001).Conclusions: There was chromium and nickel incorporation into enamel and tooth color change when corrosion of orthodontic appliances was associated with cycling process. The null hypothesis is rejected. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:889-893.)

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“…Corrosion, the graded degradation of materials by electrochemical attack, is of concern particularly when orthodontic appliances are placed in the hostile electrolytic environment provided by the human mouth. 2,3 A considerable part of an orthodontist's armamentarium consists of metal. Noble metals and their alloys were esthetically pleasing and were corrosion resistant, but they lacked flexibility and tensile strength, these alloys were inappropriate for complex machining and joining when used as traction bars at that time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study

Sk¹,

An²,

Cm³

2012

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim:The metal ion released from the orthodontic appliance may cause allergic reactions particularly nickel and chromium ions. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the amount of nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions released from simulated orthodontic appliance made of new archwires and brackets. Materials and methods:Sixty sets of new archwire, band material, brackets and ligature wires were prepared simulating fixed orthodontic appliance. These sets were divided into four groups of fifteen samples each. Group 1: Stainless steel rectangular archwires. Group 2: Rectangular NiTi archwires. Group 3: Rectangular copper NiTi archwires. Group 4: Rectangular elgiloy archwires. These appliances were immersed in 50 ml of artificial saliva solution and stored in polypropylene bottles in the incubator to simulate oral conditions. After 90 days the solution were tested for nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results:Results showed that high levels of nickel ions were released from all four groups, compared to all other ions, followed by release of iron ion levels. There is no significant difference in the levels of all metal ions released in the different groups. Conclusion:The study confirms that the use of newer brackets and newer archwires confirms the negligible release of metal ions from the orthodontic appliance.Clinical significance: The measurable amount of metals, released from orthodontic appliances in artificial saliva, was significantly below the average dietary intake and did not reach toxic concentrations.

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Biodegradation of the orthodontic bracket system

Cited by 73 publications

References 7 publications

Nickel, Chromium and Iron Levels in the Saliva of Patients with Simulated Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Nickel, Chromium and Iron Levels in the Saliva of Patients with Simulated Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Incorporation of metal and color alteration of enamel in the presence of orthodontic appliances

Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study

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