Microbial fuel cells
(MFCs), capable of concurrently treating sulfide
and nitrate while generating electricity, were evaluated with various
influent sulfide to nitrate molar ratios (S:N ratios). All MFCs displayed
a good substrate removal capacity regardless of the S:N ratio (i.e.,
5:0, 5:1, 5:2, and 5:3) and produced nitrogen gas, elemental sulfur,
and sulfate as major products, while low S:N ratios mediated high
sulfate conversion. By setting the S:N ratio to 5:2, the electricity
generation was maximized, which was consistent with cyclic voltammetry
(CV) curves. Through high-throughput sequencing, the taxonomic distribution
of a microbial community in suspended sludge was analyzed; the diversity
indices and a principal component analysis (PCA) suggest that the
S:N ratios may affect the microbial community in MFCs. However, a
Pearson correlation analysis infers that the S:N ratios do not have
a significant impact on the richness and diversity of the microbial
communities in MFCs involved in the simultaneous treatment of sulfide
and nitrate (p > 0.05).