Biodeterioration

Carlo, Enza Di; Barresi, Giovanna; Palla, Franco

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46168-7_1

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Moreover, several other biological systems can use wood as a supportive substrate where nutrient molecules (carbohydrates and proteins) can easily be found. Although different degradation steps can be distinguished in relation to woody plant species and preservation strategies, a relevant role is played by temperature, relative humidity, and lighting, particularly in indoor environments, such as museums, libraries, and archives [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Environmental conditions are closely related to microbial colonization and insect infestation.…”

Section: Microbial Taxa Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil and Hydro-Alcoholic Solutions to Counteract Wooden Artwork Microbial Colonization

et al. 2021

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Aromatic plants represent a source of natural products with medicinal properties, and are also utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, the need for eco-compatible and non-toxic products, safe for both the environment and human health, have been proposed for the sustainable conservation of historic–artistic artifacts. In this study, in order to counteract microbial colonization (Aspergillus sp., Streptomyces sp., Micrococcus sp.) on wooden artwork surfaces, Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil (EO) and hydro-alcoholic (HA) solutions were applied in a polyphasic approach. The antimicrobial activities of EO and HA solutions were preliminarily assessed by agar disc diffusion (ADD) and well plate diffusion (WPD) in vitro methods, defining the specific concentration useful for bacterial and fungal genera, identified by optical microscopies, in vitro cultures (nutrient or Sabouraud agar), and DNA base molecular biology investigations. Specifically, the microbial patina was directly removed by a hydro-alcoholic solution (while evaluating the potential colorimetric change of the artwork’s surface) combined with exposure to EO volatile compounds, performed in a dedicated “clean chamber”. This study proposes, for the first time, the combined use of two plant extracts to counteract microbial development on wooden artworks, providing supplementary information on these products as bio-agents.

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Section: Microbial Taxa Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil and Hydro-Alcoholic Solutions to Counteract Wooden Artwork Microbial Colonization

et al. 2021

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“…Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that biodetorioration could be mediated by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria as well as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Numerous microorganisms from these phyla (such as Pseudomonadaceae and Aspergillaceae detected in our samples) were shown to produce deteriorating agents, such as organic and inorganic acids, chelating agents, extracellular enzymes, and polymeric substances [2,3,38,39,40]. These compounds can solubilize or change the structure of the mineral components of stone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It seems that fungi could have a more negative impact because of both their high ability to penetrate into masonry and mortar and the acidification of building materials previously demonstrated for the representatives of some genera, such as Aspergillus or Penicillium [2,3,41]. Unstable humidity promotes mechanical damage caused by the alternate contraction and expansion of fungal mycelia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following three main types of biodeterioration processes are known: (1) chemical, caused by organic and inorganic acids and chelating compounds; (2) mechanical, caused by the growth of microorganisms; (3) fouling or soiling as the result of biofilm formation [2,3]. Taxonomic groups shown to be involved in the biodeterioration process include Bacteria, Archaea, Cyanobacteria, Fungi, and Lichens [2,3]. It seems that bacteria and fungi contribute the most to the destruction of valuable historical objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial and Fungal Diversity Inside the Medieval Building Constructed with Sandstone Plates and Lime Mortar as an Example of the Microbial Colonization of a Nutrient-Limited Extreme Environment (Wawel Royal Castle, Krakow, Poland)

Dyda

Pyzik

Wilkojc³

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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Biodeterioration is a serious threat to cultural heritage objects and buildings. The deterioration of a given material often incurs irreparable losses in terms of uniqueness and historical value. Hence preventive actions should be taken. One important challenge is to identify microbes involved in the biodeterioration process. In this study, we analyzed the microbial diversity of an ancient architectonical structure of the Rotunda of Sts. Felix and Adauctus, which is a part of the Wawel Royal Castle located in Krakow, Poland. The Rotunda is unavailable to tourists and could be treated as an extreme habitat due to the low content of nutrients coming either from sandstone plates bound with lime mortar or air movement. Microbial diversity was analyzed with the use of the high-throughput sequencing of marker genes corresponding to fragments of 16S rDNA (for Bacteria) and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) (for Fungi). The results showed that the microbial community adhered to wall surfaces is, to a large extent, endemic. Furthermore, alongside many microorganisms that could be destructive to masonry and mortar (e.g., Pseudomonas, Aspergillus), there were also bacteria, such as species of genera Bacillus, Paenisporosarcina, and Amycolatopsis, that can positively affect wall surface properties by reducing the damage caused by the presence of other microorganisms. We also showed that airborne microorganisms probably have little impact on the biodeterioration process as their abundance in the microbial community adhered to the ancient walls was very low.

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“…Biodeterioration is the alteration of organic and inorganic materials induced by the metabolic activity and growth of microorganisms [1]. Biodeterioration can play a key role in the degradation of artworks and monuments [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of biodegradation in a 17th century easel painting and potential for a biological approach

et al. 2018

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It is important to characterize the microorganisms involved in biodeterioration processes to understand their effects on cultural assets and to define an efficient strategy for protecting artworks, monuments, and buildings from microbiological recolonization. In this study, we analyzed the microbial communities dwelling on the verso (front) and recto (back) sides of a 17th century easel painting attributed to Carlo Bononi, an Italian artist of the first Baroque period. Cultivable bacteria and fungi colonizing the painting were isolated and identified in order to characterize the microbial community possibly involved in deteriorating the pictorial layer of the painting. The isolated bacterial strains belonged to the Staphylococcus and Bacillus genera. Furthermore, culture-dependent techniques and SEM/EDS analyses revealed the presence of filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Alternaria. The chemical compositions of pigments were consistent with typical 17th century paintings, and some of the identified pigments, namely red lac and red and yellow earths, could be exploited as nutrient sources by painting-associated microorganisms. The study also evaluated, in vitro, the potential decontaminating activity of a biocompound, containing spores of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus megaterium. The results indicated the ability of this biocompound to counteract the growth of contaminating microorganisms that are potentially dangerous to the painting, suggesting the potential use of these microorganisms to prevent biodeterioration of artworks.

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Biodeterioration

Cited by 11 publications

References 125 publications

Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil and Hydro-Alcoholic Solutions to Counteract Wooden Artwork Microbial Colonization

Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil and Hydro-Alcoholic Solutions to Counteract Wooden Artwork Microbial Colonization

Bacterial and Fungal Diversity Inside the Medieval Building Constructed with Sandstone Plates and Lime Mortar as an Example of the Microbial Colonization of a Nutrient-Limited Extreme Environment (Wawel Royal Castle, Krakow, Poland)

Characterization of biodegradation in a 17th century easel painting and potential for a biological approach

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