“…[1][2][3][4][5] These properties and ecological awareness of end-users have led to an upsurge in application of biosurfactants in dairy, food, beverage, cosmetics, detergent, textile, paint, mining, petroleum, paper/pulp, bioremediation, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine and nanotechnology. 2,3 The vegetable oil refineries (~90) in India manufacture oil from soybean, sunflower, olive, groundnut, rapeseed, safflower, cotton, sesame, coconut, palm, mustard, rice bran, watermelon, etc. 2,3 The vegetable oil refineries (~90) in India manufacture oil from soybean, sunflower, olive, groundnut, rapeseed, safflower, cotton, sesame, coconut, palm, mustard, rice bran, watermelon, etc.…”