Biodiesel from grease interceptor to gas tank

Ragauskas, Alyse M.E.; Pu, Yunqiao; Ragauskas, Art J.

doi:10.1002/ese3.4

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Synthesis of phosphotungstic acid-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles HPW-PGMA-MNPs (11) as a magnetic nano-size solid acid catalyst A mixture of Na 2 WO 4 •2H 2 O (24 mg), HCl (70 μL), and H 2 PO 4 -PGMA-MNPs (5) (48 mg) in DI water (28 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 17 h. The resulting particles were repeatedly washed with DI water and freeze-dried, giving HPW-PGMA-MNPs (11) (48 mg, 90 nm) in a 100% yield from H 2 PO 4 -PGMA-MNPs (5).…”

Section: Determination Of Triacetin Conversion and Fame Yield By Gc A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 On the other hand, waste grease containing triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFAs, 15-40 wt%) is non-edible and cheap, thus being a very attractive feedstock for biodiesel production. 4,5 However, there is a technical challenge: the commonly used base-catalysed process is not applicable due to the high FFA content in grease. 2 Acid catalysis could be useful for the transformation of waste grease into biodiesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphotungstic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot production of biodiesel from grease via esterification and transesterification

Zillillah

Ngu

2014

Green Chem.

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A novel, active, and recyclable magnetic nano-size solid acid catalyst was developed for the high-yielding transformation of waste grease to biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAMEs) via simultaneous esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) and transesterification of triglycerides with methanol in one pot. The coreshell structured magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) HPW-PGMA-MNPs consist of iron oxide MNPs as the core, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) as the shell, and phosphotungstic acid (HPW) as the surface acid group. They were conveniently prepared in a 93% yield from PGMA-MNPs via phosphonation with Na 2 HPO 4 and subsequent treatment with Na 2 WO 4 •2H 2 O under acidic conditions, allowing for in situ formation of HPW on the particle surface with a high acidity of 1.13 mmol g −1 and a particle size of 90 nm.The catalyst was fully characterized by EDX, FT-IR, FESEM, TEM, and VSM. It demonstrated a much better catalytic performance for the transesterification of triacetin and for the one-pot transformation of grease to biodiesel than commercially available solid acid catalysts such as Amberlyst 15, Purolite CT-275, and zeolite. One-pot transformation of grease (21.3 wt% FFAs) with methanol using HPW-PGMA-MNPs (4 wt %) gave a 98% FAME yield after 24 h, with 96% conversion for the esterification and >98% conversion for the transesterification. HPW-PGMA-MNPs were easily separated from the reaction mixture under a magnetic field and efficiently reused for further cycles of transformation, retaining 95% productivity in the 10 th reaction cycle. Thus, the developed magnetic nano-size solid acid catalyst is potentially useful for the green and economic production of biodiesel from waste grease. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Additional experimental procedures, characterization of MNPs, and GC chromatograms. See

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Section: Determination Of Triacetin Conversion and Fame Yield By Gc A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphotungstic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot production of biodiesel from grease via esterification and transesterification

Zillillah

Ngu

2014

Green Chem.

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“…5,19,22,[25][26][27][29][30][31][33][34][35]53,54 Many studies reported that the fatty acids C18:1 and C18:2 are the main c o m p o n e n t s f o u n d i n t h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f GTW. 5,19,27,[33][34][35]38,39,47,55 Table 2 provides some characteristics of GTW oils obtained from previous studies.…”

Section: Lipid Extraction Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16−18 In the United States, a restaurant can produce an average of ∼1400−11 000 kg of GTW per year. 19 Total sludge production in China had an average annual growth of 13% from 2007 to 2015, with ∼8 million tons of dry solids being produced in 2015. 15 In Australia, ∼550 000 tons of GTW were generated in 2014− 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GTW also varies in amount and composition, depending on seasonal variation affecting the type of food consumed, the location, the hydrolysis process, and how it is collected. In effect, sludge and GTW are generated in huge amounts worldwide, because of urbanization, industrialization, and growth in the population. − In the United States, a restaurant can produce an average of ∼1400–11 000 kg of GTW per year . Total sludge production in China had an average annual growth of 13% from 2007 to 2015, with ∼8 million tons of dry solids being produced in 2015 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Biodiesel from Recycled Grease Trap Waste: A Review

Tran

Tišma

Budžaki

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In recent years, climate changes occurring worldwide have encouraged research into the development of eco-friendly, lowerenvironmental-impact, and more-sustainable energy sources. This may also be a solution to deal with the rapid decrease in, and depletion of, fossil resources. Biodiesel has been considered as a key attribute for effective climate change responses and a potential candidate to substitute for mineral diesel. Even so, the marketability of biodiesel is still very limited, because of the lower price of fossil diesel, as well as the expensive cost of present biodiesel feedstocks. In this regard, the use of wastewater residuals such as scum sludge and grease trap waste (GTW) as a cost-effective feedstock appears to be attractive. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the characteristics of GTW in order to develop an appropriate technique for biodiesel production from this low-quality and low-cost resource. However, most of these studies have only focused on a partial process, including the pretreatment of feedstock, the esterification, and the transesterification processes, without reporting a fully integrated process for biodiesel production from recycled trap grease. Therefore, this study aims to highlight recent achievements in the production of biodiesel from GTW and to consider the potential marketability of this fuel.

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Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

Hughes

Jones

Hums

et al. 2018

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from waste grease usually contain higher concentrations of sulfur (S) than allowed to meet the specified quality standard for biodiesel (<15 ppm). Brown grease lipid-derived FAME was produced and fractionated by two passes through a wiped-film evaporator (WFE) to produce three fractions:(1) a 120 C pass distillate, (2) a 170 C pass distillate, and (3) a heavy residue. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to concentrate the S species from the distillate fractions so that they could be detected by a gas chromatographypulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) and GCmass spectrometry (MS). The ethyl acetate and methanol (MeOH) fractions obtained by SPE of the 120 C WFE distillate and methyl tert-butyl ether and acetone fractions obtained by SPE of the 170 C WFE distillate had the highest concentration of S and were, therefore, the best candidates for GC-PFPD analysis. GC-PFPD methods were developed to separate the S species adequately enough for those peaks to be analyzed by GC-MS which matched fragmentation patterns identified by the MS chemical library as tetrahydrothiophenes, dithiolanes, and thiophenes. MS fragmentation patterns were used to identify other, larger, S-bearing species as sulfides and disulfides cross-linking between two FAME molecules. The results obtained from this study provide a foundation for developing effective purification methods to remove S-containing impurities from waste grease-derived biodiesel.

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Biodiesel from grease interceptor to gas tank

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Phosphotungstic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot production of biodiesel from grease via esterification and transesterification

Phosphotungstic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot production of biodiesel from grease via esterification and transesterification

Production of Biodiesel from Recycled Grease Trap Waste: A Review

Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

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