Biodiesel production from acid oils using sulfonated carbon catalyst derived from oil-cake waste

Konwar, Lakhya Jyoti; Das, Ritwick; Thakur, Ashim Jyoti; Salminen, Eero; Mäki‐Arvela, Päivi; Kumar, Narendra; Mikkola, Jyri‐Pekka; Deka, Dhanapati

doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2013.09.031

Cited by 158 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The present study builds on our earlier work which has confirmed versatility of sulfonated carbons prepared from Mesua ferrea L. seed DOWC [25]. Biomass from different sources have different properties which influence its reactivity during conversion processes (carbonization, activation, combustion etc.)…”

Section: Biomasssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…To prepare the activated carbon (AC) supports (common step for methods 1 and 2), DOWC biomass pre-soaked with 50% (v/v) phosphoric acid were subjected to activation at 500 • C as described in our earlier work [24,25]. The activation temperature was fixed at 500 • C as materials obtained at this temperature exhibited maximum surface area and carbon content.…”

Section: Methods 1 (4-benzenediazoniumsulfonate or Radical Sulfonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Towards carbon efficient biorefining: Multifunctional mesoporous solid acids obtained from biodiesel production wastes for biomass conversion

Konwar

Mäki‐Arvela

Salminen

et al. 2015

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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155

130

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Section: Biomasssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Methods 1 (4-benzenediazoniumsulfonate or Radical Sulfonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards carbon efficient biorefining: Multifunctional mesoporous solid acids obtained from biodiesel production wastes for biomass conversion

Konwar

Mäki‐Arvela

Salminen

et al. 2015

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

Self Cite

155

130

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“…Thus, 2 wt.% of ICS-SO 3 H catalyst was adequate for esterification of PFAD. Konwar et al (2014), produced biodiesel from acid oils using sulfonated carbon catalyst derived from oil cake waste. They managed to reduce the acid value of oils up to 97% using 5-6.5 wt.% of catalyst and 43:1 methanol-tooil molar ratio at 80°C for 8 h. However, these conditions resulted in the high cost of biodiesel production.…”

Section: Effect Of the Ics-so 3 H Catalyst Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meso- and macroporous sulfonated starch solid acid catalyst for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

Lokman

Rashid

Taufiq‐Yap

2016

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

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In the present work, a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst was successfully developed from starch. The catalyst was prepared by a significant two-step process; the initial step was incomplete carbonization of starch (ICS) at 400°C for 12 h and consequently followed by sulfonation process using concentrated H 2 SO 4 to produce sulfonated-incomplete carbonized starch (ICS-SO 3 H). The characterization of the ICS-SO 3 H catalyst was done for chemical and physical properties such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), ammonia-temperature programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD), surface area analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis and morphology analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM). BET results showed the structure of ICS-SO 3 H consists of meso-and macro-porous properties, which allowed high density of the ASO 3 H group attached on its carbon networks. The catalytic activity of ICS-SO 3 H catalyst was determined by analyzing the catalyst performance to esterify palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and sequentially produced methyl ester. The maximum free fatty acid (FFA) conversion and FAME yield were as high as 94.6% and 90.4%, respectively, at 75°C using 10:1 methanol-to-PFAD molar ratio and 2 wt.% of catalyst within 3 h. The catalyst has sufficient potential to recycle up to 6 reactions without

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“…Sulfonation not alter the crystal structure of the active carbon only causes a decrease in the intensity of the peak 2θ (30.69 o and 31.75 o ). The decreased peak intensities were due to attachment of abundant -SO3H groups [40].…”

Section: Effect Of Plasma Treatment On Transesterification Reaction Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

Buchori

Istadi

Purwanto

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Preliminary testing of hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor for biodiesel production through transesterification of soybean oil with methanol over modified-carbon catalyst was investigated. This research focused on synergetic roles of non-thermal plasma and catalysis in the transesterification process. The amount of modified-carbon catalyst with grain size of 1.75 mm was placed into fixed tubular reactor within discharge zone. The discharge zone of the hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor was defined in the volume area between high voltage and ground electrodes. Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) of 1.85 h -1 of reactant feed was studied at reaction temperature of 65 o C and at ambient pressure. The modified-carbon catalyst was prepared by impregnation of active carbon within H2SO4 solution followed by drying at 100 o C for overnight and calcining at 300 o C for 3 h. It was found that biodiesel yield obtained using the hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor was 92.39% and 73.91% when using active carbon and modified-carbon catalysts, respectively better than without plasma. Therefore, there were synergetic effects of non-thermal plasma and catalysis roles for driving the transesterification process. Copyright

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Biodiesel production from acid oils using sulfonated carbon catalyst derived from oil-cake waste

Cited by 158 publications

References 37 publications

Towards carbon efficient biorefining: Multifunctional mesoporous solid acids obtained from biodiesel production wastes for biomass conversion

Towards carbon efficient biorefining: Multifunctional mesoporous solid acids obtained from biodiesel production wastes for biomass conversion

Meso- and macroporous sulfonated starch solid acid catalyst for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

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